STATISTICS PORTAGE CNSL 503
EXAM 2 2026/27 WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS
frequency distribution - ANSWER-presents the frequency of every value in a dataset
frequency tables - ANSWER-displays the number of times (ex: frequency) a certain
value appears within the dataset in a table format
What does each column represent in frequency tables? - ANSWER-one column
represents the category, the other column represents the frequency
absolute frequency - ANSWER-raw count
What type of frequency do you use when answering " how many student out of the
total number of students scored a letter grade?"? - ANSWER-relative frequency
relative frequency - ANSWER-the ratio between the absolute frequency of a
category and the total frequency
formula for relative frequency - ANSWER-frequency in category/total frequency
What type of frequency do you use when answering the question "how many
students scored a B or better?"? - ANSWER-cumulative frequency
cumulative frequency - ANSWER-the sum of frequencies of all preceding categories
Frequency tables can be used for what type of variables? - ANSWER-qualitative or
quantitative variables
When using frequency tables for quantitative variables, group the quantitative scores
into groups called what? - ANSWER-bins
frequency graphs - ANSWER-pie charts, bar charts, histograms, frequency
polygons, stem and leaf plots
What type of frequency graphs are used for qualitative variables? - ANSWER-pie
charts and bar charts
What type of frequency graphs are used for quantitative variables? - ANSWER-
histograms, frequency polygons and stem and leaf plots
pie charts - ANSWER-displays relative frequencies (and not necessarily absolute
frequencies) of each category for qualitative variables in a pie
, Each portion of a pie represents... - ANSWER-a different category
The size of each portion is proportional to... - ANSWER-the relative frequency of that
category
The entire pie represents... - ANSWER-100% of the scores
Pie charts are good to visualize... - ANSWER-frequencies
Pie charts are only useful for... - ANSWER-small number of categories
central tendency - ANSWER-a single value that describes the middle of the
distribution
measures of central tendency - ANSWER-mean, median, mode
mean - ANSWER-the arithmetic average of a set of scores
population mean symbol - ANSWER-μ
sample mean symbol - ANSWER-x̅ or M
The mean is calculated by... - ANSWER-adding up all the values in a distribution and
dividing by the number of scores
bar charts/bar graphs - ANSWER-display absolute and relative frequencies of
qualitative data using bars
Each bar represents a - ANSWER-category
The height of a bar represents... - ANSWER-the frequency
Do the bars touch in a bar graph? - ANSWER-no
histograms - ANSWER-displays absolute and relative frequencies of quantitative
data using bars
Each bar represents... - ANSWER-a category
The height of the bar represents... - ANSWER-the freuqeuncy
Do the bars in a histogram touch? - ANSWER-yes
The width of the bars represent... - ANSWER-the size of the range of values
frequency polygons - ANSWER-display absolute and relative frequencies of
quantitative data using dots and lines
Each dot is placed... - ANSWER-above the score an the height of the frequency
EXAM 2 2026/27 WITH CORRECT
SOLUTIONS
frequency distribution - ANSWER-presents the frequency of every value in a dataset
frequency tables - ANSWER-displays the number of times (ex: frequency) a certain
value appears within the dataset in a table format
What does each column represent in frequency tables? - ANSWER-one column
represents the category, the other column represents the frequency
absolute frequency - ANSWER-raw count
What type of frequency do you use when answering " how many student out of the
total number of students scored a letter grade?"? - ANSWER-relative frequency
relative frequency - ANSWER-the ratio between the absolute frequency of a
category and the total frequency
formula for relative frequency - ANSWER-frequency in category/total frequency
What type of frequency do you use when answering the question "how many
students scored a B or better?"? - ANSWER-cumulative frequency
cumulative frequency - ANSWER-the sum of frequencies of all preceding categories
Frequency tables can be used for what type of variables? - ANSWER-qualitative or
quantitative variables
When using frequency tables for quantitative variables, group the quantitative scores
into groups called what? - ANSWER-bins
frequency graphs - ANSWER-pie charts, bar charts, histograms, frequency
polygons, stem and leaf plots
What type of frequency graphs are used for qualitative variables? - ANSWER-pie
charts and bar charts
What type of frequency graphs are used for quantitative variables? - ANSWER-
histograms, frequency polygons and stem and leaf plots
pie charts - ANSWER-displays relative frequencies (and not necessarily absolute
frequencies) of each category for qualitative variables in a pie
, Each portion of a pie represents... - ANSWER-a different category
The size of each portion is proportional to... - ANSWER-the relative frequency of that
category
The entire pie represents... - ANSWER-100% of the scores
Pie charts are good to visualize... - ANSWER-frequencies
Pie charts are only useful for... - ANSWER-small number of categories
central tendency - ANSWER-a single value that describes the middle of the
distribution
measures of central tendency - ANSWER-mean, median, mode
mean - ANSWER-the arithmetic average of a set of scores
population mean symbol - ANSWER-μ
sample mean symbol - ANSWER-x̅ or M
The mean is calculated by... - ANSWER-adding up all the values in a distribution and
dividing by the number of scores
bar charts/bar graphs - ANSWER-display absolute and relative frequencies of
qualitative data using bars
Each bar represents a - ANSWER-category
The height of a bar represents... - ANSWER-the frequency
Do the bars touch in a bar graph? - ANSWER-no
histograms - ANSWER-displays absolute and relative frequencies of quantitative
data using bars
Each bar represents... - ANSWER-a category
The height of the bar represents... - ANSWER-the freuqeuncy
Do the bars in a histogram touch? - ANSWER-yes
The width of the bars represent... - ANSWER-the size of the range of values
frequency polygons - ANSWER-display absolute and relative frequencies of
quantitative data using dots and lines
Each dot is placed... - ANSWER-above the score an the height of the frequency
