PSY 316 EXAM #3 QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is attention? - Answers - the taking possession of the mind, in clear and vivid
form, of one object or train of thought
What are the two ways to talk about attention? - Answers - - Endogenous Orienting
- Exogenous Orienting
Is Endogenous Orienting Passive or Active? - Answers - Passive
Is Exogenous Orienting Passive or Active? - Answers - Active
What is Endogenous Orienting? - Answers - When attention is controlled in a top-down
fashion
What is Exogenous Orienting? - Answers - When attention is controlled in a bottom-up
manner by external stimuli
What are other types of attention? - Answers - - Focused Attention
- Divided Attention
What is Focused Attention? - Answers - Paying attention to one thing at a time
What is Divided Attention? - Answers - Multiple stimuli are presented and subjects must
attend to and respond to all stimuli
What happens if you lose the ability of attention? - Answers - Neglect Syndrome
What is Neglect Syndrome? - Answers - loss of ability to pay attention to the left
What part of the brain is associated with Neglect Syndrome? - Answers - Right parietal
lobe
Can Neglect Syndrome occur to the right instead of the left? - Answers - Yes but it is
very rare
What is shadowing? - Answers - Repeating out loud what you are hearing
What was the Cocktail Party Problem Experiment? - Answers - - A dichotic listening
task
- later subjects were asked what was presented in the unattended channel
What were the results from the Cocktail Party Problem Experiment? - Answers - -
Seldom noticed when message was spoken in foreign language or reverse speech
, - People often have no memory if information presented in the unattended channel
How do you interpret the findings of the Cocktail party Problem Experiment? - Answers -
- Two stimuli presented simultaneously gain access to the sensory buffer in parallel
- The filter allows one input to pass through for more thorough processing based on
physical characteristics
- Causes the blocked stimuli to be put on "hold"
- The filter prevents overloading of the limited capacity attention system
What was the experiment to help support Broadbent's Model? - Answers - - Subjects
were presented with a different set of 3 digits to each ear and then asked to recall the
digits
What were the results of the experiment used to help support Broadbent's Model? -
Answers - - Subjects almost always recalled the digits by ear rather than by pair
- Physical characteristics is defined by direction (ear of arrival)
What is NOT a physical characteristics? - Answers - Meaning
What is the theory of the Early Selection Model? - Answers - Assumes that stimulus
selection happens early in the processing system when the stimuli goes into sensory
stores
What is the result caused by the effectiveness of the early selection model? - Answers -
Very little to no information presented via the unattended channel is processed
Is the result of the effectiveness of the early selection model true? - Answers - The filter
does not block out everything from the unattended channel for processing
What was the experiment by Gray and Wedderburn (1960)? - Answers - - Performed a
dichotic listening and shadowing task
-> Right ear: 9, Aunt, 6
-> Left ear: Dear, 7, Jane
What were the results of the experiment by Gray and Wedderburn (1960)? - Answers -
Subjects reported hearing
- Dear, Aunt, Jane
- 9, 7, 6
What was the Expertise Effect Experiment? - Answers - - A dichotic listening and
shadowing task
- Either asked a naive subject or an experienced researcher to detect a target digit
What were the results of the expertise effect experiment? - Answers - - In naive subjects
detected only 8% of the digits in the non shadowed message
- The experienced researchers detected 67% of them
What is attention? - Answers - the taking possession of the mind, in clear and vivid
form, of one object or train of thought
What are the two ways to talk about attention? - Answers - - Endogenous Orienting
- Exogenous Orienting
Is Endogenous Orienting Passive or Active? - Answers - Passive
Is Exogenous Orienting Passive or Active? - Answers - Active
What is Endogenous Orienting? - Answers - When attention is controlled in a top-down
fashion
What is Exogenous Orienting? - Answers - When attention is controlled in a bottom-up
manner by external stimuli
What are other types of attention? - Answers - - Focused Attention
- Divided Attention
What is Focused Attention? - Answers - Paying attention to one thing at a time
What is Divided Attention? - Answers - Multiple stimuli are presented and subjects must
attend to and respond to all stimuli
What happens if you lose the ability of attention? - Answers - Neglect Syndrome
What is Neglect Syndrome? - Answers - loss of ability to pay attention to the left
What part of the brain is associated with Neglect Syndrome? - Answers - Right parietal
lobe
Can Neglect Syndrome occur to the right instead of the left? - Answers - Yes but it is
very rare
What is shadowing? - Answers - Repeating out loud what you are hearing
What was the Cocktail Party Problem Experiment? - Answers - - A dichotic listening
task
- later subjects were asked what was presented in the unattended channel
What were the results from the Cocktail Party Problem Experiment? - Answers - -
Seldom noticed when message was spoken in foreign language or reverse speech
, - People often have no memory if information presented in the unattended channel
How do you interpret the findings of the Cocktail party Problem Experiment? - Answers -
- Two stimuli presented simultaneously gain access to the sensory buffer in parallel
- The filter allows one input to pass through for more thorough processing based on
physical characteristics
- Causes the blocked stimuli to be put on "hold"
- The filter prevents overloading of the limited capacity attention system
What was the experiment to help support Broadbent's Model? - Answers - - Subjects
were presented with a different set of 3 digits to each ear and then asked to recall the
digits
What were the results of the experiment used to help support Broadbent's Model? -
Answers - - Subjects almost always recalled the digits by ear rather than by pair
- Physical characteristics is defined by direction (ear of arrival)
What is NOT a physical characteristics? - Answers - Meaning
What is the theory of the Early Selection Model? - Answers - Assumes that stimulus
selection happens early in the processing system when the stimuli goes into sensory
stores
What is the result caused by the effectiveness of the early selection model? - Answers -
Very little to no information presented via the unattended channel is processed
Is the result of the effectiveness of the early selection model true? - Answers - The filter
does not block out everything from the unattended channel for processing
What was the experiment by Gray and Wedderburn (1960)? - Answers - - Performed a
dichotic listening and shadowing task
-> Right ear: 9, Aunt, 6
-> Left ear: Dear, 7, Jane
What were the results of the experiment by Gray and Wedderburn (1960)? - Answers -
Subjects reported hearing
- Dear, Aunt, Jane
- 9, 7, 6
What was the Expertise Effect Experiment? - Answers - - A dichotic listening and
shadowing task
- Either asked a naive subject or an experienced researcher to detect a target digit
What were the results of the expertise effect experiment? - Answers - - In naive subjects
detected only 8% of the digits in the non shadowed message
- The experienced researchers detected 67% of them
