PSY 316 QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS
Which of the following statements is true about high working memory (WM) span
people? - Answers - High WM people are capable of coming up with simpler, correct
solutions to math problems.
If you are texting on your cell phone in one hand and steering the wheel to drive the car
on the other hand, this method is a good example of how doing multiple activities can
slow you down due to an interference of two competing tasks. What would this method
be an example of? - Answers - Dual task
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is activated when emphasizing what type of
task? - Answers - Executive control
A person is given a list of words to memorize while saying something like "the ... the ...
the" throughout the process. She remembers the list of words poorly because she is
distracted by another verbal component (saying "the ... the ... the"). What effect does
this represent? - Answers - Articulatory suppression
The mental rotation task, in which a person must mentally turn, spin, or rotate objects to
determine if they match another object of the same orientation, is an example of the
___, a working memory component. - Answers - Visuospatial sketchpad
Which of the following working memory component is the main operating system and
responsible for planning future actions, initiating retrieval and decision processes, and
integrating information coming into the system? - Answers - Central executive
In a serial recall test, people were able to recall more items in the early positions called
a ___ effect (possibly due to a strong memory storage) and recall items in the final
positions called a ___ effect (possibly due to an immediate recall). - Answers - primacy;
recency
In a ___ recall, people are able to recall the list items in any order and in a ___ recall,
people must recall the list items in their original order of presentation. - Answers - free;
serial
___ interference occurs when new information blocks your ability to remember old
information, whereas ___ interference occurs when old information blocks your ability to
remember new information. - Answers - Retroactive; proactive
According to Cowan (2010), we are able to maintain between ___ and ___ items in our
short-term memory without chunking items. - Answers - 3;5
, In prospective memory, people are better at remembering ___ information rather than
___ information because it acts as a retrieval cue (e.g., a birthday party) to remember to
do something (e.g., giving a present to a friend in the future). - Answers - event-based;
time-based
A superior memory than would otherwise be expected for life events around age 20 is
known as ___. - Answers - reminiscence bump
Pavio (1971) proposed the ___, which states that words that denote concrete objects,
as opposed to abstract words, can be encoded into memory twice: once in terms of their
verbal attributes (words) and once in terms of their imaginal attributes (pictures). -
Answers - dual coding hypothesis
When you remember information better by relating it to yourself in some way, this
memory effect is known as the ___. - Answers - self-reference effect
In recognition, ___ is the actual remembering of information (e.g., open-ended
questions for an exam) and ___ is the general sense of knowing something (e.g.,
multiple-choice questions on an exam). - Answers - recollection; familiarity
There are two phases of consolidation. The first is a fast ___ phase, in which memories
may be stored for up to 2 weeks possibly in the hippocampus, and the second is a
slower ___ phase, in which memories are stored for up to a lifetime across the cortex. -
Answers - synaptic consolidation; systems consolidation
Cramming is an example of ___, and spreading study time over many shorter sessions
is an example of ___. - Answers - massed practice; distributed practice
In Ebbinghaus's (1885/1913) classic forgetting curve, the ___ is the reduction in the
number of trials (or the time) necessary for relearning compared to original learning. -
Answers - savings score
Which type of long-term memory storage deals with general world knowledge or facts
unrelated to one's personal experience? - Answers - semantic
___ memory is knowledge that influences thought and behavior without awareness
(e.g., skills and habits, priming, simple classical conditioning, and nonassociative
learning), and ___ memory is knowledge that involves awareness (e.g., facts and
events). - Answers - Nondeclarative; declarative
Titchener - Answers - structuralism
James - Answers - functionalism
Watson - Answers - behaviorism
Which of the following statements is true about high working memory (WM) span
people? - Answers - High WM people are capable of coming up with simpler, correct
solutions to math problems.
If you are texting on your cell phone in one hand and steering the wheel to drive the car
on the other hand, this method is a good example of how doing multiple activities can
slow you down due to an interference of two competing tasks. What would this method
be an example of? - Answers - Dual task
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is activated when emphasizing what type of
task? - Answers - Executive control
A person is given a list of words to memorize while saying something like "the ... the ...
the" throughout the process. She remembers the list of words poorly because she is
distracted by another verbal component (saying "the ... the ... the"). What effect does
this represent? - Answers - Articulatory suppression
The mental rotation task, in which a person must mentally turn, spin, or rotate objects to
determine if they match another object of the same orientation, is an example of the
___, a working memory component. - Answers - Visuospatial sketchpad
Which of the following working memory component is the main operating system and
responsible for planning future actions, initiating retrieval and decision processes, and
integrating information coming into the system? - Answers - Central executive
In a serial recall test, people were able to recall more items in the early positions called
a ___ effect (possibly due to a strong memory storage) and recall items in the final
positions called a ___ effect (possibly due to an immediate recall). - Answers - primacy;
recency
In a ___ recall, people are able to recall the list items in any order and in a ___ recall,
people must recall the list items in their original order of presentation. - Answers - free;
serial
___ interference occurs when new information blocks your ability to remember old
information, whereas ___ interference occurs when old information blocks your ability to
remember new information. - Answers - Retroactive; proactive
According to Cowan (2010), we are able to maintain between ___ and ___ items in our
short-term memory without chunking items. - Answers - 3;5
, In prospective memory, people are better at remembering ___ information rather than
___ information because it acts as a retrieval cue (e.g., a birthday party) to remember to
do something (e.g., giving a present to a friend in the future). - Answers - event-based;
time-based
A superior memory than would otherwise be expected for life events around age 20 is
known as ___. - Answers - reminiscence bump
Pavio (1971) proposed the ___, which states that words that denote concrete objects,
as opposed to abstract words, can be encoded into memory twice: once in terms of their
verbal attributes (words) and once in terms of their imaginal attributes (pictures). -
Answers - dual coding hypothesis
When you remember information better by relating it to yourself in some way, this
memory effect is known as the ___. - Answers - self-reference effect
In recognition, ___ is the actual remembering of information (e.g., open-ended
questions for an exam) and ___ is the general sense of knowing something (e.g.,
multiple-choice questions on an exam). - Answers - recollection; familiarity
There are two phases of consolidation. The first is a fast ___ phase, in which memories
may be stored for up to 2 weeks possibly in the hippocampus, and the second is a
slower ___ phase, in which memories are stored for up to a lifetime across the cortex. -
Answers - synaptic consolidation; systems consolidation
Cramming is an example of ___, and spreading study time over many shorter sessions
is an example of ___. - Answers - massed practice; distributed practice
In Ebbinghaus's (1885/1913) classic forgetting curve, the ___ is the reduction in the
number of trials (or the time) necessary for relearning compared to original learning. -
Answers - savings score
Which type of long-term memory storage deals with general world knowledge or facts
unrelated to one's personal experience? - Answers - semantic
___ memory is knowledge that influences thought and behavior without awareness
(e.g., skills and habits, priming, simple classical conditioning, and nonassociative
learning), and ___ memory is knowledge that involves awareness (e.g., facts and
events). - Answers - Nondeclarative; declarative
Titchener - Answers - structuralism
James - Answers - functionalism
Watson - Answers - behaviorism
