BIOS 252 Actual exam COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS
2026 (GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!!.
BIOS 252 Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab
Comprehensive Exam Questions (170 Multiple Choice)
Based on Chamberlain University Curriculum – Updated for 2026–2027
Answers & Rationales Included
SECTION 1: Cellular Biology & Chemistry (Questions 1–25)
Question 1
Which macromolecule is the primary source of energy for cells?
A) Protein
B) Lipid
C) Carbohydrate
D) Nucleic acid
Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the main energy source as they are quickly
metabolized to glucose, which enters cellular respiration to produce ATP. Proteins
are used primarily for structure and enzymes, lipids for long-term energy storage
and membranes, and nucleic acids for genetic information.
,Question 2
Which organelle is the site of ATP production?
A) Lysosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Smooth ER
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation via the
electron transport chain. They are often called the "powerhouses of the cell"
because they convert nutrients into usable energy.
Question 3
Which structure controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
A) Cytoskeleton
B) Plasma membrane
C) Nucleus
,D) Lysosome
Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane regulates transport via selective permeability,
allowing some substances to pass while blocking others. This is essential for
maintaining homeostasis.
Question 4
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Answer: B
Rationale: During S (synthesis) phase, DNA is duplicated to prepare for cell
division. Each chromosome is replicated to form two sister chromatids.
Question 5
, Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?
A) Lysosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Ribosome
D) Peroxisome
Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down
macromolecules, damaged organelles, and pathogens. They also play a role in
apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Question 6
Which organelle synthesizes lipids and detoxifies toxins?
A) Rough ER
B) Smooth ER
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria
2026 (GRADED A+) DETAILED ANSWERS!!.
BIOS 252 Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab
Comprehensive Exam Questions (170 Multiple Choice)
Based on Chamberlain University Curriculum – Updated for 2026–2027
Answers & Rationales Included
SECTION 1: Cellular Biology & Chemistry (Questions 1–25)
Question 1
Which macromolecule is the primary source of energy for cells?
A) Protein
B) Lipid
C) Carbohydrate
D) Nucleic acid
Answer: C
Rationale: Carbohydrates are the main energy source as they are quickly
metabolized to glucose, which enters cellular respiration to produce ATP. Proteins
are used primarily for structure and enzymes, lipids for long-term energy storage
and membranes, and nucleic acids for genetic information.
,Question 2
Which organelle is the site of ATP production?
A) Lysosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Smooth ER
Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation via the
electron transport chain. They are often called the "powerhouses of the cell"
because they convert nutrients into usable energy.
Question 3
Which structure controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?
A) Cytoskeleton
B) Plasma membrane
C) Nucleus
,D) Lysosome
Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane regulates transport via selective permeability,
allowing some substances to pass while blocking others. This is essential for
maintaining homeostasis.
Question 4
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
A) G1 phase
B) S phase
C) G2 phase
D) M phase
Answer: B
Rationale: During S (synthesis) phase, DNA is duplicated to prepare for cell
division. Each chromosome is replicated to form two sister chromatids.
Question 5
, Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?
A) Lysosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Ribosome
D) Peroxisome
Answer: A
Rationale: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down
macromolecules, damaged organelles, and pathogens. They also play a role in
apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Question 6
Which organelle synthesizes lipids and detoxifies toxins?
A) Rough ER
B) Smooth ER
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Mitochondria
