5/16/26, 12:39 CJE Fundamentals Benchmar
AM
CJE Fundamentals & Adult Health Benchmark Review for LPN
Program 2024–2025-2026 | Complete NCLEX-Style Questions &
Answers, ABG Interpretation, Blood Transfusion, Patient Safety,
Infection Control, Mobility, Wound Care & Nursing
Fundamentals Study Guide.
origination of the word "nurse"
from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses
communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death
nurses use optimal function of maximum strengths and potentials, refer to
community support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-of-life
care, hospice
The Nursing Process
-one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts
-define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and
titles for RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs
respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
1/30
,5/16/26, 12:39 CJE Fundamentals Benchmar
AM
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria
-well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
2/30
, 5/16/26, 12:39 CJE Fundamentals Benchmar
AM
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale
defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine,
created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton
established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during
civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge
-traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective
you can see the object
subjective
coming from that subject
types of knowledge
-science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and explaining events and
occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired
result)
goals of nursing research
-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
3/30
AM
CJE Fundamentals & Adult Health Benchmark Review for LPN
Program 2024–2025-2026 | Complete NCLEX-Style Questions &
Answers, ABG Interpretation, Blood Transfusion, Patient Safety,
Infection Control, Mobility, Wound Care & Nursing
Fundamentals Study Guide.
origination of the word "nurse"
from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses
communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death
nurses use optimal function of maximum strengths and potentials, refer to
community support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-of-life
care, hospice
The Nursing Process
-one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts
-define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and
titles for RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs
respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
1/30
,5/16/26, 12:39 CJE Fundamentals Benchmar
AM
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria
-well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
2/30
, 5/16/26, 12:39 CJE Fundamentals Benchmar
AM
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale
defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine,
created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton
established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during
civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge
-traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective
you can see the object
subjective
coming from that subject
types of knowledge
-science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and explaining events and
occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired
result)
goals of nursing research
-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
3/30
