TEST PAPER QUESTIONS ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉ United nations uses what type of system.
Answer: democratic system - each state gets a vote
◉ Democracy developed with.
Answer: the nation-state system which expanded, as did democracy
◉ Post- Cold war predictions.
Answer: - Realists are uncomfortable w/ the end of the cold war: ended
bi-polarity that predicted conflict
- Liberals believed everything was interconnected; peace through
international efforts of cooperation
◉ Meirsheimer (realist).
Answer: - He thought Europe would break into chaos with the
multipolar system.
- turbulent time and conflict
◉ Samuel Huntington.
Answer: - "Clash of Civilizations"
- Predicts conflict on a huge scale but civilizational
,◉ Francis Fukuyama.
Answer: - "The end of history" - a more optimistic view on what is to
come .
- The end of the cold war & communism allowed for a major explosion
of democracy; democratization increased peace and global prosperity.
- PROBLEM: sounds odd, often misinterpreted because of title
- Views history as an evolution of ideas on political governments
- History is searching for that perfect system of government, which is
based on ideas
- He sees the end of history as the point were history has been fulfilled.
Democracy is enough, all we need.
◉ Waves of democracy:.
Answer: - Fukuyama's work was a specific response to the spread of
democracy. He argued that this continuous increase is evidence that
people around the world were realizing that democracy is the best form
of governance
- There was a roadblock to democracy leading up to WWI
- Democracy continuously rising starting in the 1980s
- Fresh off the enlightenment (before the World Wars)
◉ The modern democracy.
Answer: - Great Britain, France etc
- This wave hit a roadblock, there was a rise of authoritarian government
and war itself
,◉ Second wave of democracy.
Answer: - New states are developing democracy
- End of cold war caused a huge spike in democracy
- Eastern European countries also developed a democratic system
◉ Third wave of democracy.
Answer: - A confirmation that democracy was the best form of
government
◉ "The End of History" is described as:.
Answer: "The end point of mankind ideological evolution & the
universalization of western liberal democracy as the final form of human
government"
- Liberal democracy is the best form of governance for all mankind
◉ Neo Liberals:.
Answer: - Don't see ideology as a determining factor, unlike Fukuyama
who did identity & constructivism category which is consistent with his
ideas, norms, and values.
◉ Hegel.
Answer: - German philosopher
- Focuses a lot of his ideas on "spiritedness". He admired man kind
, - Did not look at the world in terms of Materialism
◉ Hegel analyzed what motivated mankind; came up with three
different things.
Answer: 1. Innate desire for survival
2. Our ability to reason (this aids our survival)
3. Innate spiritedness that desires recognition (leads us into competition)
- seek recognition of own self worth, drives in the quest for equality
- Fukuyama took Hegel's ideas and modernized them
◉ Preeminence of ideas (constructivist/ identity perspective): Fukuyama
w. Hegel as a predecessor.
Answer: - Ideology is of prime importance
- (realist) power not goal - prestige is goal (identity)
- Fukuyama believes that the political system questioned is settled
because we have achieved equality in government
- believes the ideas come first - ideas leads us up to everything else
- liberal democracy -> countries see each other as equals & compete for
recognition
◉ Teleological History:.
Answer: - History as an evolution of ideas
- Fukuyama has a teleological view of history- this means that history is
a linear process (they build off of one another)