Exam 1: NSG3280 / NSG 3280 (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) Pathophysiology
for Nurses I Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions)- Galen
What effect would an infusion of 200 mL of albumin have on a healthy client's plasma
osmotic and hydrostatic pressures?
a. Increased osmotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure
Why does pulmonary edema form in a client who has left-sided heart failure?
c. Increased volume in pulmonary vessels, increased blood hydrostatic pressure
Which condition is most likely to cause formation of edema?
c. Decreased plasma osmotic pressure, increased plasma hydrostatic pressure
Which assessment technique would be the best for the nurse ot use to determine the
adequacyof circulation in a client whose blood osmolarity is 250 mOsm/L?
a. Checking urine output
Which specific condition triggers the "thirst" center in the hypothalamus?
a. Hyperosmolar extracellular fluid
What is the expected client response to the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on
urineoutput and osmolarity?
c. Decreased urine output, increased urine osmolarity
Which condition would trigger the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
,b. Hypervolemia with increased venous return
The client is taking a medication for an endocrine problem that inhibits aldosterone
secretionand release. For what complications of this therapy should the nurse be alert?
b. Dehydration, hyperkalemia
The client has a chronic condition in which the kidney overexcretes calcium. What
clinicalmanifestation should the nurse observe for as a result of this problem?
d. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Which statement made to the home care nurse by the client at risk for dehydration
indicates acorrect understanding of prevention and clinical manifestation of dehydration?
b. "I will weigh myself every morning before I eat or drink."
Which assessment data obtained by the home care nurse suggests that a 74-year-old client
maybe dehydrated?
c. The client states that he feels lightheaded when he gets out of bed or stands up
Which intervention for the client with overhydration-induced confusion is most likely to
relievethe confusion?
c. Administering diuretic agents as prescribed
Which action should the nurse take first when discovering that the client with
hypotonicOverhydration has a serum sodium level of 119 mEq/L?
c. Call the emergency team
Which client is at greatest risk for acidosis?
,d. The 45-year-old client with pneumonia
An adult male client is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of pneumonia. He has not
improvedclinically and has not responded well to antibiotics. A diagnosis of pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia ismade (PCP). The nurse should conclude that this client has:
b. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A child contracts and recovers from chickenpox at age 5. The nurse explains to the mother
that thechild will not need the varicella vaccine since the child has developed which type of
immunity?
a. Active acquired, natural
A person who is HIV-positive starts to exhibit signs of AIDS. The nurse would accurately
interpret thatthe client now has AIDS, defining illness after noting which of the following?
d. High viral load and CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³
The health care provider tells a sexually active 16-year-old female with flulike symptoms
that anegative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) will be need to be repeated in
several weeks.When the client asks the nurse why the second test is necessary, what is the
best explanation by thenurse?
b. Antibodies do not always show up initially
A client is brought to the Emergency Department with anaphylaxis after taking a dose of
penicillin.The nurse delivers care based on which of the following nursing diagnoses that
has highest priority?
a. Ineffective breathing pattern
, The nurse anticipates that a child with asthma caused by allergies will have an increase in
which ofthe following on a complete blood count (CBC) with differential report?
d. Eosinophils
The mother of a child with swollen lymph nodes is extremely panic-stricken that the
swelling meanscancer. What is the best statement that the nurse could make to calm the
mother?
b. “The lymph nodes filter foreign products and may only be swollen because of an
infection.”
A client in an allergy clinic asks the nurse why some allergic reactions affect only a small
area whileone in the past involved "my whole body and my breathing." The nurse offers
which of the following asexamples of reactions that could cause systemic immune
responses? Select all that apply
Correct answers: b, c, d
b. Anaphylaxis → systemic
c. Latex allergy → can be systemic
d. Severe asthma reaction → systemic Localized reactions (like ant bites or sprain) are not
systemic.
A client has an opportunistic respiratory infection. The nurse considers that which of the
followingmost likely represents the etiology of the client's infection?
c. Client’s immune system is compromised
for Nurses I Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified
Solutions)- Galen
What effect would an infusion of 200 mL of albumin have on a healthy client's plasma
osmotic and hydrostatic pressures?
a. Increased osmotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure
Why does pulmonary edema form in a client who has left-sided heart failure?
c. Increased volume in pulmonary vessels, increased blood hydrostatic pressure
Which condition is most likely to cause formation of edema?
c. Decreased plasma osmotic pressure, increased plasma hydrostatic pressure
Which assessment technique would be the best for the nurse ot use to determine the
adequacyof circulation in a client whose blood osmolarity is 250 mOsm/L?
a. Checking urine output
Which specific condition triggers the "thirst" center in the hypothalamus?
a. Hyperosmolar extracellular fluid
What is the expected client response to the presence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) on
urineoutput and osmolarity?
c. Decreased urine output, increased urine osmolarity
Which condition would trigger the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
,b. Hypervolemia with increased venous return
The client is taking a medication for an endocrine problem that inhibits aldosterone
secretionand release. For what complications of this therapy should the nurse be alert?
b. Dehydration, hyperkalemia
The client has a chronic condition in which the kidney overexcretes calcium. What
clinicalmanifestation should the nurse observe for as a result of this problem?
d. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
Which statement made to the home care nurse by the client at risk for dehydration
indicates acorrect understanding of prevention and clinical manifestation of dehydration?
b. "I will weigh myself every morning before I eat or drink."
Which assessment data obtained by the home care nurse suggests that a 74-year-old client
maybe dehydrated?
c. The client states that he feels lightheaded when he gets out of bed or stands up
Which intervention for the client with overhydration-induced confusion is most likely to
relievethe confusion?
c. Administering diuretic agents as prescribed
Which action should the nurse take first when discovering that the client with
hypotonicOverhydration has a serum sodium level of 119 mEq/L?
c. Call the emergency team
Which client is at greatest risk for acidosis?
,d. The 45-year-old client with pneumonia
An adult male client is admitted to the hospital with symptoms of pneumonia. He has not
improvedclinically and has not responded well to antibiotics. A diagnosis of pneumocystis
carinii pneumonia ismade (PCP). The nurse should conclude that this client has:
b. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
A child contracts and recovers from chickenpox at age 5. The nurse explains to the mother
that thechild will not need the varicella vaccine since the child has developed which type of
immunity?
a. Active acquired, natural
A person who is HIV-positive starts to exhibit signs of AIDS. The nurse would accurately
interpret thatthe client now has AIDS, defining illness after noting which of the following?
d. High viral load and CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³
The health care provider tells a sexually active 16-year-old female with flulike symptoms
that anegative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) will be need to be repeated in
several weeks.When the client asks the nurse why the second test is necessary, what is the
best explanation by thenurse?
b. Antibodies do not always show up initially
A client is brought to the Emergency Department with anaphylaxis after taking a dose of
penicillin.The nurse delivers care based on which of the following nursing diagnoses that
has highest priority?
a. Ineffective breathing pattern
, The nurse anticipates that a child with asthma caused by allergies will have an increase in
which ofthe following on a complete blood count (CBC) with differential report?
d. Eosinophils
The mother of a child with swollen lymph nodes is extremely panic-stricken that the
swelling meanscancer. What is the best statement that the nurse could make to calm the
mother?
b. “The lymph nodes filter foreign products and may only be swollen because of an
infection.”
A client in an allergy clinic asks the nurse why some allergic reactions affect only a small
area whileone in the past involved "my whole body and my breathing." The nurse offers
which of the following asexamples of reactions that could cause systemic immune
responses? Select all that apply
Correct answers: b, c, d
b. Anaphylaxis → systemic
c. Latex allergy → can be systemic
d. Severe asthma reaction → systemic Localized reactions (like ant bites or sprain) are not
systemic.
A client has an opportunistic respiratory infection. The nurse considers that which of the
followingmost likely represents the etiology of the client's infection?
c. Client’s immune system is compromised
