ATSC 113 FLYING Study test in depth Examination and 100%
correctly verified Solutions Latest version 2025/2026
Hygroscopic - correct answer - means attractive behavior of the
chemicals that attract water to create haze
What are small haze particles called - correct answer aerosols which
include both solid and liquid microscopic parts
Aerosol swelling - correct answer - when humidty increases above 75%
and the small haze particles called aerosols soak up water and get larger,
thus reducing visibility which is a flight hazard
Examples of hygroscopic chemicals - correct answer salt (from sea
spray), sulfates (associated with oil and coal burning), volcanic emissions,
nitrates (combustion pollutant), and from organic chemicals from plants
when they live, burn or decay
Describe spray - correct answer - type of obscuration
- breaking waves cause tiny drops of sea water to be in the atmosphere
which settle out very slowly
- causes poor visibility
- airports close to beaches can experience this type of obscurtion
Describe dust - correct answer - type of obscuration
- can consist of tiny microscopic solid substances in the atmosphere stirred
up
- smaller than sand thus stay in the atmosphere longer because it takes a
while to settle out
,Dust storm - correct answer - type of obscuration related to dust
- when fine soil particles are lifted up from winds
Snow and blowing snow - correct answer - type of obscuration
- has different levels of intensity which is based on its visibility through the
snow: heavy and moderate
Heavy snow - correct answer - obscuration type related to snow
- visibility of less than 0.4km or .25 miles
Moderate snow - correct answer - obscuration related to snow
- range of visibility from 0.4 to 0.8 km (0.25-.5miles)
Blizzard - correct answer - where there is blowing snow that reduces the
visibility to less than .25 m or less than 1 km PLUS wind speeds of greater
than 35 miles or 40km/hour
- can cause a white out where you can't tell the difference from the ground
and the sky because everything is white
Rain - correct answer - type of obscuration
- light and moderate rain has reduced but acceptable visibilit but heavy rain
can be an obscuration
- not an official obscuration though but can prevent VFR
- luckily, heavy rain is patchy so can be avoided
,Standard atmosphere - correct answer the average variation of air
pressure (P), temperature (T) and density (ρ) with the altitude
How is pressure measured - correct answer with a barometer which
measures how much force the air is pushing against a square metre of an
object; greater pressure = more force
What is normal atmospheric pressure at sea level - correct answer
101,000 Pa, 101 kpa
How is density measured? - correct answer calculated from pressure and
temperature since most aircraft don't have sensors to measure for it; harder
to measure
What is density - correct answer - density = mass/volume
- amount of air in each cubic meter of volume with units of kilograms of air
per cumic metre (1.225 kg/m^3)
Why does density matter to flight - correct answer - at higher altitudes
where air is thinner, aircraft engines make less power, propellers are less
effective and wings create less lift
- air craft have reduced ability to take off and to climb in less dense air
Both __ and __ decrease with altitude (H) and then __ more slowly with
height at higher altitudes - correct answer pressure and density decrease
with altitude (H) and then decrease more slowly with height at higher
altitudes
What is air density at sea level - correct answer 1.225kg/m^3
, Physiology - correct answer how your body and body parts work
Whats the average amount of air that adults inhale - correct answer 1 liter
(0.5-3 is the range)
How much of the air is actually oxygen - correct answer 21%
At which height in the atmosphere do you need extra support to breathe -
correct answer 13000ft/4km that is when you become goofy; anything
below is OK to breathe
Hypnoxic - correct answer medical term for goofy; suffering from
insufficient supply of oxygen which makes you euphoric and eventually
unconscious
Time-duration of useful consciousness (TUC) - correct answer the higher
you fly, the shorter this time is before you become goofy and unable to fly
the plane
At 18000 ft/5.5km, what is the TUC - correct answer 20-30 mins
At 25000ft/7.6km what is the TUC - correct answer 3-5 mins
At 30000ft/9.1km what is the TUC - correct answer 1-2 mins
At 35000ft/10.7km what is the TUC - correct answer 30-60 seconds
correctly verified Solutions Latest version 2025/2026
Hygroscopic - correct answer - means attractive behavior of the
chemicals that attract water to create haze
What are small haze particles called - correct answer aerosols which
include both solid and liquid microscopic parts
Aerosol swelling - correct answer - when humidty increases above 75%
and the small haze particles called aerosols soak up water and get larger,
thus reducing visibility which is a flight hazard
Examples of hygroscopic chemicals - correct answer salt (from sea
spray), sulfates (associated with oil and coal burning), volcanic emissions,
nitrates (combustion pollutant), and from organic chemicals from plants
when they live, burn or decay
Describe spray - correct answer - type of obscuration
- breaking waves cause tiny drops of sea water to be in the atmosphere
which settle out very slowly
- causes poor visibility
- airports close to beaches can experience this type of obscurtion
Describe dust - correct answer - type of obscuration
- can consist of tiny microscopic solid substances in the atmosphere stirred
up
- smaller than sand thus stay in the atmosphere longer because it takes a
while to settle out
,Dust storm - correct answer - type of obscuration related to dust
- when fine soil particles are lifted up from winds
Snow and blowing snow - correct answer - type of obscuration
- has different levels of intensity which is based on its visibility through the
snow: heavy and moderate
Heavy snow - correct answer - obscuration type related to snow
- visibility of less than 0.4km or .25 miles
Moderate snow - correct answer - obscuration related to snow
- range of visibility from 0.4 to 0.8 km (0.25-.5miles)
Blizzard - correct answer - where there is blowing snow that reduces the
visibility to less than .25 m or less than 1 km PLUS wind speeds of greater
than 35 miles or 40km/hour
- can cause a white out where you can't tell the difference from the ground
and the sky because everything is white
Rain - correct answer - type of obscuration
- light and moderate rain has reduced but acceptable visibilit but heavy rain
can be an obscuration
- not an official obscuration though but can prevent VFR
- luckily, heavy rain is patchy so can be avoided
,Standard atmosphere - correct answer the average variation of air
pressure (P), temperature (T) and density (ρ) with the altitude
How is pressure measured - correct answer with a barometer which
measures how much force the air is pushing against a square metre of an
object; greater pressure = more force
What is normal atmospheric pressure at sea level - correct answer
101,000 Pa, 101 kpa
How is density measured? - correct answer calculated from pressure and
temperature since most aircraft don't have sensors to measure for it; harder
to measure
What is density - correct answer - density = mass/volume
- amount of air in each cubic meter of volume with units of kilograms of air
per cumic metre (1.225 kg/m^3)
Why does density matter to flight - correct answer - at higher altitudes
where air is thinner, aircraft engines make less power, propellers are less
effective and wings create less lift
- air craft have reduced ability to take off and to climb in less dense air
Both __ and __ decrease with altitude (H) and then __ more slowly with
height at higher altitudes - correct answer pressure and density decrease
with altitude (H) and then decrease more slowly with height at higher
altitudes
What is air density at sea level - correct answer 1.225kg/m^3
, Physiology - correct answer how your body and body parts work
Whats the average amount of air that adults inhale - correct answer 1 liter
(0.5-3 is the range)
How much of the air is actually oxygen - correct answer 21%
At which height in the atmosphere do you need extra support to breathe -
correct answer 13000ft/4km that is when you become goofy; anything
below is OK to breathe
Hypnoxic - correct answer medical term for goofy; suffering from
insufficient supply of oxygen which makes you euphoric and eventually
unconscious
Time-duration of useful consciousness (TUC) - correct answer the higher
you fly, the shorter this time is before you become goofy and unable to fly
the plane
At 18000 ft/5.5km, what is the TUC - correct answer 20-30 mins
At 25000ft/7.6km what is the TUC - correct answer 3-5 mins
At 30000ft/9.1km what is the TUC - correct answer 1-2 mins
At 35000ft/10.7km what is the TUC - correct answer 30-60 seconds
