NUSCTX 11, Midterm 1 Exam - UC Berkeley Questions and Answers With
Verified Solutions 2025
What might occur to increase the toxicity of lipophilic chemicals? - ✔✔Bioaccumulation and Phase I
What could be a specific way that toxicity from an oil spill is most harmful to fish? - ✔✔Absorbs and
bioaccumulates in fat, and can be metabolized into carcinogens.
If a certain substance causes "DNA adducts" which experiments could you try to detect it? - ✔✔Measure
Phase II enzymes and hypothesize that these enzymes are inhibited
Show that the chemical is a mimic for other nucleotides in DNA replication
Measure chemical metabolites in milk in female animals.
What is true about biotransformation? - ✔✔It is a 2-phase process
It can decrease toxicity
It can increase toxicity, it makes compounds more hydrophilic (water soluble)
What are factors in calculating toxicant risk? - ✔✔Exposure
Absorption
Site of Action
Biological factors that determine toxicity? - ✔✔Absorption
Metabolism
Lipophilic character
Distribution (lymph system)
, Circulatory path of lymph - ✔✔Route to fast entry into lungs and blood
Circulatory path of bile duct - ✔✔Breaks down lipophilic chemicals, enterohepatic circulation
Circulatory path of portal vein - ✔✔Routes for metabolism by CYP in liver (gut to liver)
TD - ✔✔Toxic Dose
LD - ✔✔Lethal Dose
ED - ✔✔Effective Dose
Margin of Safety - ✔✔LD1/ED99
Possible sites of action for xenobiotics - ✔✔Fat
DNA
Brain
Heart
Proteins
Tissue and cells
What might occur to reduce toxicity of activated lipophilic chemicals - ✔✔Phase II
Antioxidant to reduce free radicals
Lipophilic - ✔✔Likes fats
Methylmercury - ✔✔Delirium
Convulsions
Verified Solutions 2025
What might occur to increase the toxicity of lipophilic chemicals? - ✔✔Bioaccumulation and Phase I
What could be a specific way that toxicity from an oil spill is most harmful to fish? - ✔✔Absorbs and
bioaccumulates in fat, and can be metabolized into carcinogens.
If a certain substance causes "DNA adducts" which experiments could you try to detect it? - ✔✔Measure
Phase II enzymes and hypothesize that these enzymes are inhibited
Show that the chemical is a mimic for other nucleotides in DNA replication
Measure chemical metabolites in milk in female animals.
What is true about biotransformation? - ✔✔It is a 2-phase process
It can decrease toxicity
It can increase toxicity, it makes compounds more hydrophilic (water soluble)
What are factors in calculating toxicant risk? - ✔✔Exposure
Absorption
Site of Action
Biological factors that determine toxicity? - ✔✔Absorption
Metabolism
Lipophilic character
Distribution (lymph system)
, Circulatory path of lymph - ✔✔Route to fast entry into lungs and blood
Circulatory path of bile duct - ✔✔Breaks down lipophilic chemicals, enterohepatic circulation
Circulatory path of portal vein - ✔✔Routes for metabolism by CYP in liver (gut to liver)
TD - ✔✔Toxic Dose
LD - ✔✔Lethal Dose
ED - ✔✔Effective Dose
Margin of Safety - ✔✔LD1/ED99
Possible sites of action for xenobiotics - ✔✔Fat
DNA
Brain
Heart
Proteins
Tissue and cells
What might occur to reduce toxicity of activated lipophilic chemicals - ✔✔Phase II
Antioxidant to reduce free radicals
Lipophilic - ✔✔Likes fats
Methylmercury - ✔✔Delirium
Convulsions
