1|Page
C217 EXAM ACTUAL RETAKE EXAM LATEST
(HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT)
COMPLETE REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
information processing ......ANSWER......Emphasizes that individuals
manipulate, monitor, and strategize information. Similar to Vygotsky
theory that knowledge is developed over time not in stages.
Cross-sectional approach ......ANSWER......research strategy in which
individuals of different ages are compared at one time
Contextual influences ......ANSWER......Normative age graded
Normative history graded
Non-normative life events
Longitudinal approach ......ANSWER......Research strategy in which the
same individauls are studied over a period of time
Cohort effects ......ANSWER......Effects due to a persons time of birth or
era rather than a persons actual age
pg. 1
,2|Page
Gender ......ANSWER......Characteristics of people as male or female
Time Span of Research ......ANSWER......When researchers decide about
the time span of their research. Either conduct cross sectional or
longitudinal studies
Characteristics of life span perspective ......ANSWER......life long
multidimensional
multi directional
plastic
multidisciplinary
contextual
Importance of studying life span development
......ANSWER......Development is the pattern of change throughout the
human life span and prepares us to take responsibility
Eclectic Theoretical Orientations ......ANSWER......Does not follow any
one theoretical approach but rather selects from multiple ones
Cross cultural studies ......ANSWER......Comparison of one culture with
another
pg. 2
,3|Page
Ethological Theory ......ANSWER......Stresses that behavior is strongly
influenced by biology and evolution
Culture ......ANSWER......Behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other
products of a group passed on from generation to generation
Piaget's theory ......ANSWER......Theory stating that children actively
construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages
of cognitive development
Skinner's operant Conditioning ......ANSWER......Idea that learning is a
function of change. Behavior followed by a reward is more likely to
recur
Nature-Nurture issue ......ANSWER......Debate about whether
development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture. Nature is
biological inheritance and nurture is environmental experiences
Developental issues ......ANSWER......Nature Nurture
Stability change
Continuity Discontinuity
Three key categories of developmental processes
......ANSWER......Biological
Cognitive
pg. 3
, 4|Page
Socioemotional
Psychoanalytic Theories Describe ......ANSWER......Development as
primarily unconscious
Behavioral and Social Cognitive theories include
......ANSWER......Skinner's operant conditioning
Bandura's social cognitive theory
Socioemotional processes ......ANSWER......Changes in relationships with
other people, emotions, and personality
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory ......ANSWER......Stresses importance
of observational learning and sees cognition as importance to
understanding development
Ethnic Gloss ......ANSWER......Using ethnic labels to portray ethnic
groups
Vygotsky theory ......ANSWER......Socioculture theory that emphasizes
how culture and social interactions guide cognitive development
Ethnicity ......ANSWER......Characteristics based on culture, nationality,
race, religion, and language
pg. 4
C217 EXAM ACTUAL RETAKE EXAM LATEST
(HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT)
COMPLETE REAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2026
information processing ......ANSWER......Emphasizes that individuals
manipulate, monitor, and strategize information. Similar to Vygotsky
theory that knowledge is developed over time not in stages.
Cross-sectional approach ......ANSWER......research strategy in which
individuals of different ages are compared at one time
Contextual influences ......ANSWER......Normative age graded
Normative history graded
Non-normative life events
Longitudinal approach ......ANSWER......Research strategy in which the
same individauls are studied over a period of time
Cohort effects ......ANSWER......Effects due to a persons time of birth or
era rather than a persons actual age
pg. 1
,2|Page
Gender ......ANSWER......Characteristics of people as male or female
Time Span of Research ......ANSWER......When researchers decide about
the time span of their research. Either conduct cross sectional or
longitudinal studies
Characteristics of life span perspective ......ANSWER......life long
multidimensional
multi directional
plastic
multidisciplinary
contextual
Importance of studying life span development
......ANSWER......Development is the pattern of change throughout the
human life span and prepares us to take responsibility
Eclectic Theoretical Orientations ......ANSWER......Does not follow any
one theoretical approach but rather selects from multiple ones
Cross cultural studies ......ANSWER......Comparison of one culture with
another
pg. 2
,3|Page
Ethological Theory ......ANSWER......Stresses that behavior is strongly
influenced by biology and evolution
Culture ......ANSWER......Behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other
products of a group passed on from generation to generation
Piaget's theory ......ANSWER......Theory stating that children actively
construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages
of cognitive development
Skinner's operant Conditioning ......ANSWER......Idea that learning is a
function of change. Behavior followed by a reward is more likely to
recur
Nature-Nurture issue ......ANSWER......Debate about whether
development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture. Nature is
biological inheritance and nurture is environmental experiences
Developental issues ......ANSWER......Nature Nurture
Stability change
Continuity Discontinuity
Three key categories of developmental processes
......ANSWER......Biological
Cognitive
pg. 3
, 4|Page
Socioemotional
Psychoanalytic Theories Describe ......ANSWER......Development as
primarily unconscious
Behavioral and Social Cognitive theories include
......ANSWER......Skinner's operant conditioning
Bandura's social cognitive theory
Socioemotional processes ......ANSWER......Changes in relationships with
other people, emotions, and personality
Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory ......ANSWER......Stresses importance
of observational learning and sees cognition as importance to
understanding development
Ethnic Gloss ......ANSWER......Using ethnic labels to portray ethnic
groups
Vygotsky theory ......ANSWER......Socioculture theory that emphasizes
how culture and social interactions guide cognitive development
Ethnicity ......ANSWER......Characteristics based on culture, nationality,
race, religion, and language
pg. 4
