NURS 5461 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE!!
Cough Treatment - ANSWER Treat primary cause
Get rid of the source, the cough goes away
Soothe cough
Dextromethorophan
Inhaled meds- Ipratropium
Benzonatate
Codeine-last resort
Hemoptysis most common causes - ANSWER inflammatory—bronchitis,
bronchiectasis, pneumonia, TB
A cough can last how long sometimes after a URI? - ANSWER up to 8 weeks
Acute bronchitis - ANSWER a temporary inflammation of the mucous membranes that
line the trachea and bronchial passageways; causes a cough that may produce mucus
5th most common cause of to see a HCP
Pneumonia symptoms - ANSWER -coughing
-fatigue
-pleuritic pain
-fever
-increased WBC
-rust colored sputum
-crackles
-tachypnea
CURB-65 - ANSWER 1) Confusion
2) BUN>19
3) RR>30
4) BP<90/60
5) 65yo
One or less indicates patient can be treated outpatient, >1 =hospitalization
Single Pulmonary Nodule - ANSWER "Coin lesion"
, A single parenchymal lung lesion smaller than 3cm W/O PNA , atelectasis, or
lymphadenopathy
Pure subsolid SPN < 5mm require no follow-up
if SPN < 8mm follow Fleischner Society guidelines on intervals for repeat CT
If SPN >8mm refer specialist
GINA stepwise approach for Asthma - ANSWER 1. Consider low dose ICS, PRN SABA
2. Low dose ICS or LTRA, PRN SABA
3. Low dose ICS/LABA, PRN SABA or ICS/Formoterol
4. Med/High dose ICS/LABA, same
5. Refer to asthma specialist for add on therapy
Asthma Symptoms are caused by? - ANSWER Symptoms are associated with variable
expiratory airflow, i.e. difficulty breathing air out of the lungs due to
Bronchoconstriction
Airway wall thickening
Increased mucus
Most likely to be asthma if? - ANSWER More than one type of symptom (wheeze,
shortness of breath, cough, chest tightness)
Symptoms often worse at night or in the early morning
Symptoms vary over time and in intensity
Symptoms are triggered by viral infections, exercise, allergen exposure, changes in
weather, laughter, irritants such as car exhaust fumes, smoke, or strong smells
Diagnosis of Asthma - ANSWER An increase in FEV1 of 12% with a minimum increase
of*200 mL in FEV1* *after bronchodilator* establishes the presence of airflow
reversibility Best test to rule OUT asthma is a methalcholine challenge...if that is
negative, then the person does not have asthma
Document that FEV1/FVC is reduced (at least once, when FEV1 is low)
FEV1/ FVC ratio is normally >0.75 - 0.80 in healthy adults
Assessment of Asthma - ANSWER Asthma control - two domains
Assess symptom control over the last 4 weeks
Assess risk factors for poor outcomes, including low lung function
Treatment issues
Check inhaler technique and adherence
Ask about side-effects
Does the patient have a written asthma action plan?
ANSWERS 100% ACCURATE!!
Cough Treatment - ANSWER Treat primary cause
Get rid of the source, the cough goes away
Soothe cough
Dextromethorophan
Inhaled meds- Ipratropium
Benzonatate
Codeine-last resort
Hemoptysis most common causes - ANSWER inflammatory—bronchitis,
bronchiectasis, pneumonia, TB
A cough can last how long sometimes after a URI? - ANSWER up to 8 weeks
Acute bronchitis - ANSWER a temporary inflammation of the mucous membranes that
line the trachea and bronchial passageways; causes a cough that may produce mucus
5th most common cause of to see a HCP
Pneumonia symptoms - ANSWER -coughing
-fatigue
-pleuritic pain
-fever
-increased WBC
-rust colored sputum
-crackles
-tachypnea
CURB-65 - ANSWER 1) Confusion
2) BUN>19
3) RR>30
4) BP<90/60
5) 65yo
One or less indicates patient can be treated outpatient, >1 =hospitalization
Single Pulmonary Nodule - ANSWER "Coin lesion"
, A single parenchymal lung lesion smaller than 3cm W/O PNA , atelectasis, or
lymphadenopathy
Pure subsolid SPN < 5mm require no follow-up
if SPN < 8mm follow Fleischner Society guidelines on intervals for repeat CT
If SPN >8mm refer specialist
GINA stepwise approach for Asthma - ANSWER 1. Consider low dose ICS, PRN SABA
2. Low dose ICS or LTRA, PRN SABA
3. Low dose ICS/LABA, PRN SABA or ICS/Formoterol
4. Med/High dose ICS/LABA, same
5. Refer to asthma specialist for add on therapy
Asthma Symptoms are caused by? - ANSWER Symptoms are associated with variable
expiratory airflow, i.e. difficulty breathing air out of the lungs due to
Bronchoconstriction
Airway wall thickening
Increased mucus
Most likely to be asthma if? - ANSWER More than one type of symptom (wheeze,
shortness of breath, cough, chest tightness)
Symptoms often worse at night or in the early morning
Symptoms vary over time and in intensity
Symptoms are triggered by viral infections, exercise, allergen exposure, changes in
weather, laughter, irritants such as car exhaust fumes, smoke, or strong smells
Diagnosis of Asthma - ANSWER An increase in FEV1 of 12% with a minimum increase
of*200 mL in FEV1* *after bronchodilator* establishes the presence of airflow
reversibility Best test to rule OUT asthma is a methalcholine challenge...if that is
negative, then the person does not have asthma
Document that FEV1/FVC is reduced (at least once, when FEV1 is low)
FEV1/ FVC ratio is normally >0.75 - 0.80 in healthy adults
Assessment of Asthma - ANSWER Asthma control - two domains
Assess symptom control over the last 4 weeks
Assess risk factors for poor outcomes, including low lung function
Treatment issues
Check inhaler technique and adherence
Ask about side-effects
Does the patient have a written asthma action plan?
