NSG 554 Test 2: (Latest 2026/2027 Update) Dermatology, Burns, & Infectious
Skin Conditions | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing
Program
Subject: NSG 554 – Advanced Primary Care / Dermatology
Source: NSG 554 Test 2 Blueprint 2026/2027
Format: Q&A Guide with Rationale | Verified Grade A
1. What are the four key processes of acne vulgaris?
Correct Answer: Inflammation, abnormal desquamation of keratinocytes which clog pilosebaceous
follicles, increased or altered sebum production, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes.
1. Androgens stimulate sebum production; P. acnes activates inflammation.
2. Hyperkeratinization blocks follicular openings → comedones.
3. Inflammation leads to papules, pustules, nodules, cysts.
2. What are the two types of alopecia and their difference?
Correct Answer: Cicatricial/scarring (permanent hair loss with follicle destruction) vs.
noncicatricial/nonscarring (reversible, follicle intact).
1. Noncicatricial: androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, alopecia areata.
2. Cicatricial: lichen planopilaris, discoid lupus, folliculitis decalvans.
3. Scalp biopsy distinguishes type.
3. What is the first-line therapy for acne vulgaris and how do they work?
Correct Answer: Topical retinoids: tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and
salicylic acid. Work by regulating keratinocyte desquamation, inhibiting growth of pilosebaceous
follicles, and decreasing inflammation.
1. Mild acne: topical retinoid + benzoyl peroxide.
2. Moderate acne: add topical antibiotic (clindamycin).
3. Severe acne: oral antibiotic + topical retinoid; isotretinoin for refractory.
4. What is intertrigo and its treatment?
Correct Answer: A superficial inflammatory skin condition of the skin's flexural surfaces, prompted or
irritated by warm temperatures, friction, moisture, maceration, and poor ventilation. Treatment:
Burrow's solution, zinc oxide, antifungal.
1. Intertrigo occurs in skin folds (axillae, groin, inframammary, abdominal folds).
2. Secondary candidal or bacterial infection common.
3. Keep area dry, use barrier cream (zinc oxide, petroleum jelly).
, 5. What are the referral criteria for burns?
Correct Answer: Respiratory injury due to inhaled or facial burns, burns of the hands, feet, genitals,
>2% BSA full thickness burns, >10% BSA minor burn + >50yrs or <10yrs, or >15% BSA minor burn
aged 10-50.
1. Burn center referral criteria established by ABA.
2. Full thickness burns require escharotomy, grafting.
3. Inhalation injury increases mortality; early intubation indicated.
6. What are the two types of impetigo?
Correct Answer: Bullous vs nonbullous (nonbullous is more common).
1. Nonbullous impetigo: honey-colored crusted lesions (S. aureus, S. pyogenes).
2. Bullous impetigo: fragile bullae (S. aureus exfoliative toxin).
3. Treat with mupirocin topical; oral antibiotics for extensive cases.
7. What is the rule of nines for burns?
Correct Answer: Head = 9%; Each arm = 9%; Each leg = 18%; Front torso = 18%; Back torso = 18%;
Groin = 1%.
1. Modified for children (head 18%, legs 14% each).
2. Used for initial fluid resuscitation (Parkland formula).
3. Lund-Browder chart more accurate for children.
8. What is the differential diagnosis for alopecia?
Correct Answer: TSH, CBC.
1. Rule out thyroid disease (TSH) and anemia (CBC).
3. Scalp biopsy if diagnosis unclear.
9. What is a positive hair pull test defined as?
Correct Answer: 5 or more hairs include anagen hairs with follicle sheath.
1. Positive test indicates active telogen effluvium or alopecia areata.
2. Normal loss: <3 hairs with gentle pull.
3. Examine hair root for sheath (indicates telogen phase).
10. What are the Hurley stages of Hidradenitis suppurativa?
Correct Answer: Stage I: lesions but with no sinus tract involvement; Stage II: some sinus tract
involvement and scarring; Stage III: lots of sinus involvement and scars involve an entire area of body.
1. Hurley I: solitary or multiple abscesses without sinus tracts or scarring.
2. Hurley II: recurrent abscesses with sinus tracts and scarring, widely separated.
3. Hurley III: diffuse involvement with multiple interconnected sinus tracts and abscesses across
entire area.
Skin Conditions | Q&A | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Nursing
Program
Subject: NSG 554 – Advanced Primary Care / Dermatology
Source: NSG 554 Test 2 Blueprint 2026/2027
Format: Q&A Guide with Rationale | Verified Grade A
1. What are the four key processes of acne vulgaris?
Correct Answer: Inflammation, abnormal desquamation of keratinocytes which clog pilosebaceous
follicles, increased or altered sebum production, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes.
1. Androgens stimulate sebum production; P. acnes activates inflammation.
2. Hyperkeratinization blocks follicular openings → comedones.
3. Inflammation leads to papules, pustules, nodules, cysts.
2. What are the two types of alopecia and their difference?
Correct Answer: Cicatricial/scarring (permanent hair loss with follicle destruction) vs.
noncicatricial/nonscarring (reversible, follicle intact).
1. Noncicatricial: androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium, alopecia areata.
2. Cicatricial: lichen planopilaris, discoid lupus, folliculitis decalvans.
3. Scalp biopsy distinguishes type.
3. What is the first-line therapy for acne vulgaris and how do they work?
Correct Answer: Topical retinoids: tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene, azelaic acid, benzoyl peroxide, and
salicylic acid. Work by regulating keratinocyte desquamation, inhibiting growth of pilosebaceous
follicles, and decreasing inflammation.
1. Mild acne: topical retinoid + benzoyl peroxide.
2. Moderate acne: add topical antibiotic (clindamycin).
3. Severe acne: oral antibiotic + topical retinoid; isotretinoin for refractory.
4. What is intertrigo and its treatment?
Correct Answer: A superficial inflammatory skin condition of the skin's flexural surfaces, prompted or
irritated by warm temperatures, friction, moisture, maceration, and poor ventilation. Treatment:
Burrow's solution, zinc oxide, antifungal.
1. Intertrigo occurs in skin folds (axillae, groin, inframammary, abdominal folds).
2. Secondary candidal or bacterial infection common.
3. Keep area dry, use barrier cream (zinc oxide, petroleum jelly).
, 5. What are the referral criteria for burns?
Correct Answer: Respiratory injury due to inhaled or facial burns, burns of the hands, feet, genitals,
>2% BSA full thickness burns, >10% BSA minor burn + >50yrs or <10yrs, or >15% BSA minor burn
aged 10-50.
1. Burn center referral criteria established by ABA.
2. Full thickness burns require escharotomy, grafting.
3. Inhalation injury increases mortality; early intubation indicated.
6. What are the two types of impetigo?
Correct Answer: Bullous vs nonbullous (nonbullous is more common).
1. Nonbullous impetigo: honey-colored crusted lesions (S. aureus, S. pyogenes).
2. Bullous impetigo: fragile bullae (S. aureus exfoliative toxin).
3. Treat with mupirocin topical; oral antibiotics for extensive cases.
7. What is the rule of nines for burns?
Correct Answer: Head = 9%; Each arm = 9%; Each leg = 18%; Front torso = 18%; Back torso = 18%;
Groin = 1%.
1. Modified for children (head 18%, legs 14% each).
2. Used for initial fluid resuscitation (Parkland formula).
3. Lund-Browder chart more accurate for children.
8. What is the differential diagnosis for alopecia?
Correct Answer: TSH, CBC.
1. Rule out thyroid disease (TSH) and anemia (CBC).
3. Scalp biopsy if diagnosis unclear.
9. What is a positive hair pull test defined as?
Correct Answer: 5 or more hairs include anagen hairs with follicle sheath.
1. Positive test indicates active telogen effluvium or alopecia areata.
2. Normal loss: <3 hairs with gentle pull.
3. Examine hair root for sheath (indicates telogen phase).
10. What are the Hurley stages of Hidradenitis suppurativa?
Correct Answer: Stage I: lesions but with no sinus tract involvement; Stage II: some sinus tract
involvement and scarring; Stage III: lots of sinus involvement and scars involve an entire area of body.
1. Hurley I: solitary or multiple abscesses without sinus tracts or scarring.
2. Hurley II: recurrent abscesses with sinus tracts and scarring, widely separated.
3. Hurley III: diffuse involvement with multiple interconnected sinus tracts and abscesses across
entire area.
