COMPLETE QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉ Mild ADE (definition).
Answer: Results in heightened need of patient monitoring with or
without a change in vital signs, but no
ultimate patient harm, or any adverse event that results in the need for
increased laboratory monitoring
◉ Moderate ADE (definition).
Answer: Results in the need for aggressive intervention with antidotes
and/or increased length of
hospital stay (e.g., severe hypotension (e.g., BP < 90/50 mm Hg),
bleeding necessitating transfusions)
◉ Severe ADE (definition).
Answer: Results in harm to the patient, prolonged hospitalization,
transfer to a higher level of care,
permanent organ damage (e.g., irreversible hepatotoxicity or renal
failure), or death with probable ADE
causality nomogram score
◉ ADE definition.
Answer: An ADE is an injury resulting from the use of a drug, which
includes harm caused by the drug (ADRs
,and overdoses) and harm from the use of the drug, including dose
reductions and discontinuations of
drug therapy.
◉ ADR definition.
Answer: any response to a drug that is noxious and unintended, and that
occurs at doses used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy,
excluding failure to accomplish
the intended purpose
◉ Documentation formats.
Answer: 1. SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, plan)
2. TITRS (title, introduction, text, recommendation, signature)
3. FARM (findings, assessment, resolution, and monitoring)
◉ The Naranjo Nomogram for Causality.
Answer: ADE nomograms such as the Naranjo nomogram are designed
to evaluate ADEs, not drug-drug
interactions; therefore, they should not be used to evaluate drug-drug
interaction cases.
◉ Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS).
Answer: A series of 10 questions related to
, the drug interaction are assessed with yes, no, unknown, or not available
answers and then scored
and tabulated. The total score determines the probability of the drug-
drug interaction occurring in the
patient and is scaled
◉ Critical care pharmacist
Fundamental services.
Answer: i. Distributive
ii. Order entry/verification duties
iii. Policy change - Tech-check-tech
◉ Critical care pharmacist
Desirable services.
Answer: i. Clinical
(a) Provide formal nutrition consultation.
(b) Respond to resuscitation events.
Practice Administration and Development: Protocol Development and
Quality Assurance
ACCP Updates in Therapeutics® 2015: Critical Care Pharmacy
Preparatory Review Course
2-201
ii. Educational
(a) Provide didactic lectures to health care professionals, students,
residents, and fellows in