EPIC WILLOW TESTS COMPILATION
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT 2026 VERIFIED
ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
◉ Examiner Qualifications.
Answer: -Level A: may be administered and interpreted by a non-
psychologist
-Level B: require some technical knowledge of test construction and
use, as well as completion of supporting educational and
psychological subjects
-Level C: should be administered only by individuals with at least an
MA in psychology and at least one year of supervised experience
under a psychologist
◉ Reliability vs Validity.
Answer: -Reliability: degree to which test scores are free from the
effects of measurement error
Validity: degree to which a test measures what it was designed to
measure
◉ Standardization.
Answer: -The examinee's responses, the apparatus, and the scoring
have been fixed so the scores collected at different times and places
,are fully comparable; any deviations from standardized
administration and scoring may result in invalid conclusions
-The test has been administered under standard conditions to a
representative sample for the purpose of establishing norms; the
greater the discrepancy between the examinee and the norm group,
the less likely the test results will be valid
◉ Types of Scoring.
Answer: -Norm-Referenced: comparison between an examinee's
scores and the scores of the norm group; percentile ranks, standard
scores
-Criterion-Referenced: domain or content referenced; scores based
on what the examinee can do or knows with regard to clearly
defined content; percent correct
-Self-Referenced: ipsative; intra-individual comparison of scores;
relative strengths or weaknesses
◉ Behavioral Assessment.
Answer: -Focuses on overt and covert behaviors that occur in
specific circumstances
-May utilize behavioral interviews, observation, cognitive
assessment, or psychophysiological measures
-Functional behavioral assessment (FBA): determines the purpose of
a behavior by identifying antecedents and consequences
,◉ Dynamic Assessment.
Answer: -Interactive approach and deliberate deviation from
standardized procedures to obtain additional information about the
examinee
-Associated with educational assessment
-Testing the limits: involves providing examinees with additional
cues, suggestions, or feedback; ordinarily done after standardized
administration
-Graduated prompting: giving the examinee a series of verbal
prompts that are graduated in terms of difficulty level
-Test-teach-retest: following the initial assessment with an
intervention designed to modify the examinee's performance, then
re-assessing
◉ Computer-Assisted Assessment.
Answer: -Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT): computer tailors the
test to an individual examinee by choosing subsequent items based
on previous answers
-Increases precision and efficacy, as all examinees are tested with
the same degree of reliability and reduced testing time
-Computer-based interpretations should not be used to replaced
clinical judgement
◉ Actuarial vs Clinical Predictions.
, Answer: -Actuarial: statistical; based on empirically validated
relationship between test results and specific criteria
-Clinical: based on the decision-maker's intuition, experience, and
knowledge; clinical judgement
-Research has found that actuarial method alone is more accurate
than clinical judgement alone
◉ Assessing Children.
Answer: -Interviews can be used to obtain reliable and valid data
from children as young as 6
-Goals include establishing rapport and maintaining the child's
cooperation, and can be accomplished by using descriptive
statements, reflections, and open-ended questions; providing
labeled praise; and avoiding critical statements and leading
questions
◉ Assessing Members of Culturally Diverse Populations.
Answer: -Considerations include acculturation, identity, language
proficiency, availability of appropriate norms, cultural equivalence of
content measured by the test, and availability of more culturally
appropriate alternatives
-There are no truly culture-fair or culture-free tests
-Research has found no consistent effect of match or mismatch
between examiner and examinee in terms of race, ethnicity, or
culture
ASSESSMENT SCRIPT 2026 VERIFIED
ANSWERS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
◉ Examiner Qualifications.
Answer: -Level A: may be administered and interpreted by a non-
psychologist
-Level B: require some technical knowledge of test construction and
use, as well as completion of supporting educational and
psychological subjects
-Level C: should be administered only by individuals with at least an
MA in psychology and at least one year of supervised experience
under a psychologist
◉ Reliability vs Validity.
Answer: -Reliability: degree to which test scores are free from the
effects of measurement error
Validity: degree to which a test measures what it was designed to
measure
◉ Standardization.
Answer: -The examinee's responses, the apparatus, and the scoring
have been fixed so the scores collected at different times and places
,are fully comparable; any deviations from standardized
administration and scoring may result in invalid conclusions
-The test has been administered under standard conditions to a
representative sample for the purpose of establishing norms; the
greater the discrepancy between the examinee and the norm group,
the less likely the test results will be valid
◉ Types of Scoring.
Answer: -Norm-Referenced: comparison between an examinee's
scores and the scores of the norm group; percentile ranks, standard
scores
-Criterion-Referenced: domain or content referenced; scores based
on what the examinee can do or knows with regard to clearly
defined content; percent correct
-Self-Referenced: ipsative; intra-individual comparison of scores;
relative strengths or weaknesses
◉ Behavioral Assessment.
Answer: -Focuses on overt and covert behaviors that occur in
specific circumstances
-May utilize behavioral interviews, observation, cognitive
assessment, or psychophysiological measures
-Functional behavioral assessment (FBA): determines the purpose of
a behavior by identifying antecedents and consequences
,◉ Dynamic Assessment.
Answer: -Interactive approach and deliberate deviation from
standardized procedures to obtain additional information about the
examinee
-Associated with educational assessment
-Testing the limits: involves providing examinees with additional
cues, suggestions, or feedback; ordinarily done after standardized
administration
-Graduated prompting: giving the examinee a series of verbal
prompts that are graduated in terms of difficulty level
-Test-teach-retest: following the initial assessment with an
intervention designed to modify the examinee's performance, then
re-assessing
◉ Computer-Assisted Assessment.
Answer: -Computer Adaptive Testing (CAT): computer tailors the
test to an individual examinee by choosing subsequent items based
on previous answers
-Increases precision and efficacy, as all examinees are tested with
the same degree of reliability and reduced testing time
-Computer-based interpretations should not be used to replaced
clinical judgement
◉ Actuarial vs Clinical Predictions.
, Answer: -Actuarial: statistical; based on empirically validated
relationship between test results and specific criteria
-Clinical: based on the decision-maker's intuition, experience, and
knowledge; clinical judgement
-Research has found that actuarial method alone is more accurate
than clinical judgement alone
◉ Assessing Children.
Answer: -Interviews can be used to obtain reliable and valid data
from children as young as 6
-Goals include establishing rapport and maintaining the child's
cooperation, and can be accomplished by using descriptive
statements, reflections, and open-ended questions; providing
labeled praise; and avoiding critical statements and leading
questions
◉ Assessing Members of Culturally Diverse Populations.
Answer: -Considerations include acculturation, identity, language
proficiency, availability of appropriate norms, cultural equivalence of
content measured by the test, and availability of more culturally
appropriate alternatives
-There are no truly culture-fair or culture-free tests
-Research has found no consistent effect of match or mismatch
between examiner and examinee in terms of race, ethnicity, or
culture
