EMS1055 FINAL QUESTION AND ANSWERS
carotid pulse - Answers - the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of
the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
Know how to read a blood pressure. - Answers - "Typical" BP is 120/80. The top
number is the systolic BP (contraction), and the bottom number is the diastolic BP
(relaxation). Low blood pressure is never a good sign.
femoral pulse - Answers - Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood
pressure is at least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse - Answers - the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse - Answers - the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse - Answers - The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is
at least 90-100 systolic
when to use diff O2 delivery device - Answers - BVM: patient is unresponsive and
needs high flow (apply 10-15 LPM)
NRBM: patient is conscious and needs high flow (10-15 LPM)
NC: only need low flow (2-6 LPM)
venturi: special percentage, 2-11 LPM
how to open airway - Answers - head tilt chin lift-
*do not perform on suspected c-spine injury
jaw thrust maneuver- *use if you suspect a neck injury and tilt head to slight sniffing
position or neutral position. use thumbs to pull down lower jaw.
OPA (oropharyngeal airway) - Answers - Oral airway
Used to maintain or open a patient's airway. It does this by preventing the tongue from
covering the epiglottis.
*used in patients with no gag reflex
*measure from the edge of the mouth to the angle of the jaw to determine the correct
size .
*insert with the tip pointing to the top of the head then rotate 180 degrees until position
,NPA (nasal trumpet) - Answers - -can use on patients with a gag reflex
-patients who are snoring or have ETOH are common
-measure from the nare to the tip of the earlobe
-use surgical lube to help with insertion
- right nare is usually largest
know how to use suction - Answers - Suction when the tube is being withdrawn and
never for more than 15 seconds at a time.
You can try to suction away an obstruction if you believe it is possible.
topographic anatomy - Answers - Anterior (or ventral): front of the body
Posterior (or dorsal): back of the body
Superior: On top
Inferior: Under
Proximal: close to the area of attachment
Distal: far from the area of attachment
Golden Hour - Answers - the 60-minute period after a severe injury; it is the maximum
acceptable time between the injury and initiation of surgery for the seriously injured
trauma patient.
Supine positioning - Answers - Lying on their back with the head and shoulders NOT
raised. Which, can raise the risk of aspiration. basically laying flat.
prone position - Answers - lying on abdomen, facing downward (head may be turned to
one side)
Trendenlenburg Position - Answers - person is lying flat and supine, with feet a little
elevated above the head
Fowler's position - Answers - 30 degrees is the optimal airway position.
Glasgow Coma Scale - Answers - eyes, verbal, motor
Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma
decorticate posturing v. decerebrate posturing - Answers - decorticate - arms inwards
towards chest (abnormal flexion)
decerebrate - arms outwards towards chest (abnormal extension)
stridor - Answers - strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by
obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. sounds like whale. sign of upper airway obstruction
or epiglottitis
Course Rales - Answers - when you get fluid in lungs; sounds CRACKLY, sign of
pulmonary edema, CHF, pneumonia
, wheezes - Answers - continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during
breathing when bronchioles restrict. sign of asthma, anaphalyxsis, bronchitis,
Kussmaul's resp - Answers - deep and fast breathing; often associated with DKA
(diabetic ketoacidosis)
when to stop primary survey - Answers - -scene becomes unsafe
-exsanguinating hemorrhage
-airway obstruction
-cardiac arrest
DCAP-TIC-BLS - Answers - -Deformities
-contusions
-Abrasions
-penetrations
-Tenderness
-Instability
-Crepitus
-Burns
-Laceration
-Swelling
Primary Survey - Answers - -Scene size up
-initial assessment
-rapid trauma survey vs. focused exam
Things to look for in primary survey - Answers - Head: pupils, battle signs (contusion
behind ear), racoon eyes
Neck: JVD (jugular vein distention, pt must be in a 30 degree semi-fowler position),
tracheal deviation (almost never seen)
Chest: palpate chest, listen to lung sounds, paradoxical movement (flail chest)
Abdomen: palpate all 4 quadrants. Normal is soft, non-tender, non-rebounding
(rebounding pain: push and let go, letting go hurts).
Pelvis: stability push in and down. Unstable pelvis is Trauma alert.
Extremities: Pulse, Motor response, Sensation.
Posterior
Secondary Survey - Answers - a head-to-toe physical assessment; an additional
assessment of a patient to determine the existence of any injuries other than those
found in the primary survey
Know the different etiologies (causes) of hemorrhage - Answers - Causes - Abrasions,
hematoma/bruises, lacerations, puncture wounds (ex. knives, nails, needles), crushing
injuries, gunshot wounds.
carotid pulse - Answers - the pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of
the neck. Blood pressure is at least 60 systolic
Know how to read a blood pressure. - Answers - "Typical" BP is 120/80. The top
number is the systolic BP (contraction), and the bottom number is the diastolic BP
(relaxation). Low blood pressure is never a good sign.
femoral pulse - Answers - Pulse felt on either side of the groin; Femoral artery. blood
pressure is at least 70 systolic.
brachial pulse - Answers - the pulse felt in the upper arm. (often used for infants.)
radial pulse - Answers - the pulse felt at the wrist. blood pressure is at least 80 systolic.
pedal pulse - Answers - The pulse rate obtained on the top of the foot. blood pressure is
at least 90-100 systolic
when to use diff O2 delivery device - Answers - BVM: patient is unresponsive and
needs high flow (apply 10-15 LPM)
NRBM: patient is conscious and needs high flow (10-15 LPM)
NC: only need low flow (2-6 LPM)
venturi: special percentage, 2-11 LPM
how to open airway - Answers - head tilt chin lift-
*do not perform on suspected c-spine injury
jaw thrust maneuver- *use if you suspect a neck injury and tilt head to slight sniffing
position or neutral position. use thumbs to pull down lower jaw.
OPA (oropharyngeal airway) - Answers - Oral airway
Used to maintain or open a patient's airway. It does this by preventing the tongue from
covering the epiglottis.
*used in patients with no gag reflex
*measure from the edge of the mouth to the angle of the jaw to determine the correct
size .
*insert with the tip pointing to the top of the head then rotate 180 degrees until position
,NPA (nasal trumpet) - Answers - -can use on patients with a gag reflex
-patients who are snoring or have ETOH are common
-measure from the nare to the tip of the earlobe
-use surgical lube to help with insertion
- right nare is usually largest
know how to use suction - Answers - Suction when the tube is being withdrawn and
never for more than 15 seconds at a time.
You can try to suction away an obstruction if you believe it is possible.
topographic anatomy - Answers - Anterior (or ventral): front of the body
Posterior (or dorsal): back of the body
Superior: On top
Inferior: Under
Proximal: close to the area of attachment
Distal: far from the area of attachment
Golden Hour - Answers - the 60-minute period after a severe injury; it is the maximum
acceptable time between the injury and initiation of surgery for the seriously injured
trauma patient.
Supine positioning - Answers - Lying on their back with the head and shoulders NOT
raised. Which, can raise the risk of aspiration. basically laying flat.
prone position - Answers - lying on abdomen, facing downward (head may be turned to
one side)
Trendenlenburg Position - Answers - person is lying flat and supine, with feet a little
elevated above the head
Fowler's position - Answers - 30 degrees is the optimal airway position.
Glasgow Coma Scale - Answers - eyes, verbal, motor
Max- 15 pts, below 8= coma
decorticate posturing v. decerebrate posturing - Answers - decorticate - arms inwards
towards chest (abnormal flexion)
decerebrate - arms outwards towards chest (abnormal extension)
stridor - Answers - strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by
obstruction in the pharynx or larynx. sounds like whale. sign of upper airway obstruction
or epiglottitis
Course Rales - Answers - when you get fluid in lungs; sounds CRACKLY, sign of
pulmonary edema, CHF, pneumonia
, wheezes - Answers - continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during
breathing when bronchioles restrict. sign of asthma, anaphalyxsis, bronchitis,
Kussmaul's resp - Answers - deep and fast breathing; often associated with DKA
(diabetic ketoacidosis)
when to stop primary survey - Answers - -scene becomes unsafe
-exsanguinating hemorrhage
-airway obstruction
-cardiac arrest
DCAP-TIC-BLS - Answers - -Deformities
-contusions
-Abrasions
-penetrations
-Tenderness
-Instability
-Crepitus
-Burns
-Laceration
-Swelling
Primary Survey - Answers - -Scene size up
-initial assessment
-rapid trauma survey vs. focused exam
Things to look for in primary survey - Answers - Head: pupils, battle signs (contusion
behind ear), racoon eyes
Neck: JVD (jugular vein distention, pt must be in a 30 degree semi-fowler position),
tracheal deviation (almost never seen)
Chest: palpate chest, listen to lung sounds, paradoxical movement (flail chest)
Abdomen: palpate all 4 quadrants. Normal is soft, non-tender, non-rebounding
(rebounding pain: push and let go, letting go hurts).
Pelvis: stability push in and down. Unstable pelvis is Trauma alert.
Extremities: Pulse, Motor response, Sensation.
Posterior
Secondary Survey - Answers - a head-to-toe physical assessment; an additional
assessment of a patient to determine the existence of any injuries other than those
found in the primary survey
Know the different etiologies (causes) of hemorrhage - Answers - Causes - Abrasions,
hematoma/bruises, lacerations, puncture wounds (ex. knives, nails, needles), crushing
injuries, gunshot wounds.
