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FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

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FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

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Symptoms of estrogen dominance.


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, -Weight gain, esp hips, thighs butt, lower abdomen, back and arms
-Depression, anxiety, irritability
-Difficulty sleeping, fatigue
-Breast tenderness, enlargement (gynecomastia in men)
-Increased allergy/histamine sensitivity
-Increased risk of cancer (esp breast, prostate in men)
-Breast fibroids or cysts, endometriosis
-High inflammation= high estrogen




How does glutathione biosynthesis (from HCYs) relate to the organic acid marker 8-
OHdG?


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-Failure of the reciprocal regulation between transmethylation and
transsulfuration of Hcys can impair up-regulation of hepatic glutathione
synthesis as the major response to oxidative stress, leading to exacerbated
and prolonged cellular (esp. mitochondrial) damage from oxidant effects.
-8OHdG is a marker of DNA damage due to oxidative stress.




What is your interpretation of an elevated plasma cys/sulfate ratio and low urinary
sulfate, together with high urinary mercury and high 8OHdG?


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Lack of sulfur compound precursors is hampering sulfoxidation and
probably impairing maintenance of glutathione reserves. Causative factor is
most likely mercury, which is causing DNA damage.




What does NMDA stand for?

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N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (a class of ionotropic glutamatergic neuron
receptors).




What is the most common reason for finding elevated benzoic acid in urine?


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Hepatic glycine conjugation capacity has been exceeded.




What are the three mechanisms of suboptimal thyroid?


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-Production
-Activation to T3
-Thyroid receptor sensitivity




What are the indications of excess DHEA?


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May be an early indicator of depression.




What are the effects of deficient thyroxine?

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Fatigue, weakness, weight gain, hair loss, cold intolerance, muscle cramps,
constipation, depression, irritability, memory loss, abnormal menstruation,
decreased libido, pale/dry skin, coarse/dry hair, puffy face, hoarse voice,
elevated blood cholesterol.




Which OA becomes elevated in patients in the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus
overgrowth?


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D-lactate




What condition is associated with excess cortisol output, esp in the evening, when
cortisol should be naturally falling?


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Cushing's syndrome




Why is supplementation with glucarate salts NOT indicated by abnormalities in urinary
glucarate?


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