NURS 5334 UTA Advanced Pharmacology Exam
2025/2026 with questions and well verified
answers actual exam!!! 2026
How do drugs lower IOP? - ANSWER -Facilitate aqueous humor outflow
Reduce aqueous humor production
First-line dx therapy for glaucoma? - ANSWER -Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists
Prostaglandin analogs
Second-line dx therapy for glaucoma? - ANSWER -Cholinergic agonists
How do Beta blocking drugs work in glaucoma? - ANSWER -Reduce IOP by reducing
production of AH
How do Alpha agonists work in glaucoma? - ANSWER -Reduce IOP by reducing
production of AH and increasing outflow
How do Prostaglandins work in glaucoma? - ANSWER -Reduce IOP by increasing AH
outflow
Beta blocker drugs for glaucoma - ANSWER -Betaxolol
Carteolol
,Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Timolol
*used for open-angle glaucoma
Cardioselective beta blockers for asthma patients? - ANSWER -Betaxolol
Levobetaxolol
What are the prostaglandin drugs? - ANSWER -Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Tafluprost
2 approved alpha2-adrenergic agonist drugs for glaucoma? - ANSWER -Apraclonidine:
for short-term therapy
Brimonidine: First line dx for long-term tx
Pilocarpine used for? - ANSWER -Second-line dx for open-angle glaucoma
Emergency tx of acute angle-closure glaucoma
How does Echothiophate work? - ANSWER -Miosis
Focus lens for near vision
Reduction of IOP
*inhibits breakdown of ACh
How does Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) work? - ANSWER -reduces IOP by
decreasing production of AH
Dorzolamide
Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
,Cycloplegics do what? - ANSWER -Paralyze ciliary muscles
Mydriatics do what? - ANSWER -Dilate the pupil
Cycloplegics and Mydriatics uses - ANSWER -Adjunct to measurement of refraction
Intraocular examination
Intraocular surgery
Tx of anterior uveitis
How does Pilocarpine work? - ANSWER -Direct acting cholinergic agonist that causes:
-Miosis
-Contraction of the ciliary muscle
Mast-cell stabilizers MOA (for allergic conjunctivitis) - ANSWER -Prevent release of
inflammatory mediators
NSAIDs: Ketorolac (Toradol) used for? - ANSWER -Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Ocular Decongestants MOA - ANSWER -Decrease redness & edema by activating alpha1-
adrenergic receptors on blood vessels> causing vasoconstriction (not for long term use)
Eye drops and allergic conjunctivitis - ANSWER -Don't take eye drops for long term
treatment
Prolonged use of Glucocorticoids in allergic conjunctivitis? - ANSWER -Serious adverse
effects:
cataracts
eye infection
elevation of IOP
Ocular Decongestants drugs - ANSWER -Naphazoline
Phenylephrine
, Wet vs dry macular degeneration - ANSWER -Dry= Drusen (yellow deposits under retina)
Wet= Growth of new subretinal blood vessels (fragile & leaky); fluid leakage lifts macula from
its normal place
Treatment of wet macular degeneration - ANSWER -Laser therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT):
-Verteporfin
Angiogenesis inhibitors:
-Pegaptanib
-Ranibizumab
-Aflibercept
-Bevacizumab
Treatment of dry macular degeneration - ANSWER -High doses of antioxidants and zinc
Acute otitis media (AOM): what are 3 most common causative bacteria? - ANSWER -
Strep pneumo
H Flu
M catarrhalis
AOM prevention - ANSWER -Breastfeeding at least 6 mo
Avoid child care centers when resp. infection prevalent
Avoid supine bottles
Avoid pacifier after 6 mo
Eliminate tobacco exposure
Vaccinate for Flu and Strep. pneumo
AOM treatment - ANSWER -High dose amoxicillin
High-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate (if antibx resistant)
2025/2026 with questions and well verified
answers actual exam!!! 2026
How do drugs lower IOP? - ANSWER -Facilitate aqueous humor outflow
Reduce aqueous humor production
First-line dx therapy for glaucoma? - ANSWER -Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Alpha2-adrenergic agonists
Prostaglandin analogs
Second-line dx therapy for glaucoma? - ANSWER -Cholinergic agonists
How do Beta blocking drugs work in glaucoma? - ANSWER -Reduce IOP by reducing
production of AH
How do Alpha agonists work in glaucoma? - ANSWER -Reduce IOP by reducing
production of AH and increasing outflow
How do Prostaglandins work in glaucoma? - ANSWER -Reduce IOP by increasing AH
outflow
Beta blocker drugs for glaucoma - ANSWER -Betaxolol
Carteolol
,Levobunolol
Metipranolol
Timolol
*used for open-angle glaucoma
Cardioselective beta blockers for asthma patients? - ANSWER -Betaxolol
Levobetaxolol
What are the prostaglandin drugs? - ANSWER -Latanoprost
Travoprost
Bimatoprost
Tafluprost
2 approved alpha2-adrenergic agonist drugs for glaucoma? - ANSWER -Apraclonidine:
for short-term therapy
Brimonidine: First line dx for long-term tx
Pilocarpine used for? - ANSWER -Second-line dx for open-angle glaucoma
Emergency tx of acute angle-closure glaucoma
How does Echothiophate work? - ANSWER -Miosis
Focus lens for near vision
Reduction of IOP
*inhibits breakdown of ACh
How does Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs) work? - ANSWER -reduces IOP by
decreasing production of AH
Dorzolamide
Acetazolamide
Methazolamide
,Cycloplegics do what? - ANSWER -Paralyze ciliary muscles
Mydriatics do what? - ANSWER -Dilate the pupil
Cycloplegics and Mydriatics uses - ANSWER -Adjunct to measurement of refraction
Intraocular examination
Intraocular surgery
Tx of anterior uveitis
How does Pilocarpine work? - ANSWER -Direct acting cholinergic agonist that causes:
-Miosis
-Contraction of the ciliary muscle
Mast-cell stabilizers MOA (for allergic conjunctivitis) - ANSWER -Prevent release of
inflammatory mediators
NSAIDs: Ketorolac (Toradol) used for? - ANSWER -Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis
Ocular Decongestants MOA - ANSWER -Decrease redness & edema by activating alpha1-
adrenergic receptors on blood vessels> causing vasoconstriction (not for long term use)
Eye drops and allergic conjunctivitis - ANSWER -Don't take eye drops for long term
treatment
Prolonged use of Glucocorticoids in allergic conjunctivitis? - ANSWER -Serious adverse
effects:
cataracts
eye infection
elevation of IOP
Ocular Decongestants drugs - ANSWER -Naphazoline
Phenylephrine
, Wet vs dry macular degeneration - ANSWER -Dry= Drusen (yellow deposits under retina)
Wet= Growth of new subretinal blood vessels (fragile & leaky); fluid leakage lifts macula from
its normal place
Treatment of wet macular degeneration - ANSWER -Laser therapy
Photodynamic therapy (PDT):
-Verteporfin
Angiogenesis inhibitors:
-Pegaptanib
-Ranibizumab
-Aflibercept
-Bevacizumab
Treatment of dry macular degeneration - ANSWER -High doses of antioxidants and zinc
Acute otitis media (AOM): what are 3 most common causative bacteria? - ANSWER -
Strep pneumo
H Flu
M catarrhalis
AOM prevention - ANSWER -Breastfeeding at least 6 mo
Avoid child care centers when resp. infection prevalent
Avoid supine bottles
Avoid pacifier after 6 mo
Eliminate tobacco exposure
Vaccinate for Flu and Strep. pneumo
AOM treatment - ANSWER -High dose amoxicillin
High-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate (if antibx resistant)
