Lecture 2 Microcytic
Anemia & Pathophysiology
2026 | Hematology Study
Guide
| Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, Anemia deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood
(too few RBCs or too little hemoglobin in RBCs)
Lead Poisoning Cause of microcytic anemia that blocks incorporation of iron into heme
Iron Deficiency most common cause of microcytic anemia
Sideroblastic Anemia Cause of microcytic anemia due genetic defeccts in heme synthesis pathway
causing failure to syntheize porphyrin ring
Chronic Disease/Inflammation Cause of microcytic anemia where there is secretion of inflammatory markers that
impair RBC synthesis by interering with iron absorption and EPO function
Thalassemias failure of globin synthesis
Microcytosis and hypochromia hallmarks of microcytic anemia (MCV <80fL)
Iron Deficiency -fatigue
-conjunctival pallor
-tachycardia
-palpitations and dyspnea
-smooth tongue
-brittle nails
-spooning of nails (koilnychias)
-cheilosis
-pica
DMT1; HCP1 Fe2+ uptake in cell by the ___________ (non-heme iron) or
____________ (heme iron)
Hephaestion converts Fe2+ to Fe3+ which is then transported into the blood by ferroportin (FP)
Transferrin (Tf) Ferritin is transported to tissues via _________________
Increased Defect in ferroportin (IREG1) leads to _________________ ferritin
Vitamin C Non-Heme Ferric (Fe3+) reduced to Ferrous (Fe2+) by cytochrome B and
__________________
Hepcidin -central regulator of iron homeostasis
• Liver parenchymal cells
• Induced by inflammation
• Interacts with ferroportin
HFE protein protein that inhibits release of Fe from cytoplasm (endosome) to mitochondria
Hemochromatosis due to defect in HFE gene
Anemia & Pathophysiology
2026 | Hematology Study
Guide
| Graded A+ | Guaranteed
success|
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers
100% Verified Exam Prep and Comprehensive
Rationales
Included
, Anemia deficiency of hemoglobin in the blood
(too few RBCs or too little hemoglobin in RBCs)
Lead Poisoning Cause of microcytic anemia that blocks incorporation of iron into heme
Iron Deficiency most common cause of microcytic anemia
Sideroblastic Anemia Cause of microcytic anemia due genetic defeccts in heme synthesis pathway
causing failure to syntheize porphyrin ring
Chronic Disease/Inflammation Cause of microcytic anemia where there is secretion of inflammatory markers that
impair RBC synthesis by interering with iron absorption and EPO function
Thalassemias failure of globin synthesis
Microcytosis and hypochromia hallmarks of microcytic anemia (MCV <80fL)
Iron Deficiency -fatigue
-conjunctival pallor
-tachycardia
-palpitations and dyspnea
-smooth tongue
-brittle nails
-spooning of nails (koilnychias)
-cheilosis
-pica
DMT1; HCP1 Fe2+ uptake in cell by the ___________ (non-heme iron) or
____________ (heme iron)
Hephaestion converts Fe2+ to Fe3+ which is then transported into the blood by ferroportin (FP)
Transferrin (Tf) Ferritin is transported to tissues via _________________
Increased Defect in ferroportin (IREG1) leads to _________________ ferritin
Vitamin C Non-Heme Ferric (Fe3+) reduced to Ferrous (Fe2+) by cytochrome B and
__________________
Hepcidin -central regulator of iron homeostasis
• Liver parenchymal cells
• Induced by inflammation
• Interacts with ferroportin
HFE protein protein that inhibits release of Fe from cytoplasm (endosome) to mitochondria
Hemochromatosis due to defect in HFE gene
