INTERNAL MEDICINE COMAT REVIEW
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
Why can TSH be helpful in diagnosing heart failure -
ANSWERS-Severe hypothyroidism can cause CHF.
Hyperthyroidism can cause high output HF.
Medications that have been shown to decrease mortality in
systolic heart failure - ANSWERS--ACE inhibitors
-ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers)
-Beta blockers
-Aldosterone blockers
-Hydralazine & nitrates
,Goal of treating hypertensive urgency - ANSWERS-BP
reduction of 25% in the first few hours to day in order to
avoid reducing the BP too quickly.
Roth spots - ANSWERS-Retinal hemorrhages w/pale
centers...usually seen in bacterial endocarditis
Definition of metabolic syndrome - ANSWERS-Any three of
the following five:
1. Fasting plasma glucose > 100 mg/dL (or on medical
therapy for hyperglycemia)
2. BP ≥ 130/85 mmHg (or on medical therapy for
hypertension)
3. Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL (or on medical therapy for
hypertriglyceridemia)
4. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < 40 mg/dL for
men, < 50 mg/dL for women (or on medical therapy for low
HDL cholesterol)
5. Abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 40" for men, >
35" for women)
4 groups of ppl most likely to benefit from statin therapy -
ANSWERS-1. current ASCVD (atherosclerotic vascular dz)
,2. LDL cholesterol > 190
3. Diabetes (type 1 or 2) ages 40-75
4. Estimated 10-year ASCVD risk by pooled cohort equations
>7.5%
Well's Criteria - ANSWERS-Criteria for diagnosing a DVT:
A point each for (1) localized tenderness, (2) asymmetric
pitting edema, and (3) asymmetric calf swelling
*Virchow's Triad - ANSWERS-Risk for DVT
Triad=
1. Stasis
2. Vascular Injury
3. Hypercoagulability
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) in a PE patient - ANSWERS-Arterial
blood gases (ABGs) in pulmonary thromboembolism usually
reveal an acute respiratory alkalosis secondary to
hyperventilation.
Timeframe for acute vs chronic arthritis - ANSWERS-Acute
<6 weeks
, Chronic >6 weeks
Rhonchi - ANSWERS-Low-pitched, continuous sounds often
described as similar to a snoring sound. Generated by
narrowing of larger airways due to mucus from bronchitis or
narrowing from asthma or COPD
Wheezes - ANSWERS-High-pitched whistling sound during
breathing when air flows through a narrowed airway, most
commonly heard in asthmatics.
Crackles - ANSWERS-Synonymous with rales. A
discontinuous sound heard more often during inhalation
caused by airway opening. The sounds are often divided
into dry or moist, with the dryness being caused by disease
processes such as fibrosis and the moistness or wetness
being secondary to heart failure or pneumonia.
Antibiotic of choice for uncomplicated pneumonia -
ANSWERS-Azithromycin
What is neutropenic fever - ANSWERS-Neutropenic fever=
temperature greater than 38.3 C (101 F) & an absolute
neutrophil count less than 500.
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY WELL
DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST ALREADY
GRADED A+
Why can TSH be helpful in diagnosing heart failure -
ANSWERS-Severe hypothyroidism can cause CHF.
Hyperthyroidism can cause high output HF.
Medications that have been shown to decrease mortality in
systolic heart failure - ANSWERS--ACE inhibitors
-ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers)
-Beta blockers
-Aldosterone blockers
-Hydralazine & nitrates
,Goal of treating hypertensive urgency - ANSWERS-BP
reduction of 25% in the first few hours to day in order to
avoid reducing the BP too quickly.
Roth spots - ANSWERS-Retinal hemorrhages w/pale
centers...usually seen in bacterial endocarditis
Definition of metabolic syndrome - ANSWERS-Any three of
the following five:
1. Fasting plasma glucose > 100 mg/dL (or on medical
therapy for hyperglycemia)
2. BP ≥ 130/85 mmHg (or on medical therapy for
hypertension)
3. Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL (or on medical therapy for
hypertriglyceridemia)
4. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol < 40 mg/dL for
men, < 50 mg/dL for women (or on medical therapy for low
HDL cholesterol)
5. Abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 40" for men, >
35" for women)
4 groups of ppl most likely to benefit from statin therapy -
ANSWERS-1. current ASCVD (atherosclerotic vascular dz)
,2. LDL cholesterol > 190
3. Diabetes (type 1 or 2) ages 40-75
4. Estimated 10-year ASCVD risk by pooled cohort equations
>7.5%
Well's Criteria - ANSWERS-Criteria for diagnosing a DVT:
A point each for (1) localized tenderness, (2) asymmetric
pitting edema, and (3) asymmetric calf swelling
*Virchow's Triad - ANSWERS-Risk for DVT
Triad=
1. Stasis
2. Vascular Injury
3. Hypercoagulability
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) in a PE patient - ANSWERS-Arterial
blood gases (ABGs) in pulmonary thromboembolism usually
reveal an acute respiratory alkalosis secondary to
hyperventilation.
Timeframe for acute vs chronic arthritis - ANSWERS-Acute
<6 weeks
, Chronic >6 weeks
Rhonchi - ANSWERS-Low-pitched, continuous sounds often
described as similar to a snoring sound. Generated by
narrowing of larger airways due to mucus from bronchitis or
narrowing from asthma or COPD
Wheezes - ANSWERS-High-pitched whistling sound during
breathing when air flows through a narrowed airway, most
commonly heard in asthmatics.
Crackles - ANSWERS-Synonymous with rales. A
discontinuous sound heard more often during inhalation
caused by airway opening. The sounds are often divided
into dry or moist, with the dryness being caused by disease
processes such as fibrosis and the moistness or wetness
being secondary to heart failure or pneumonia.
Antibiotic of choice for uncomplicated pneumonia -
ANSWERS-Azithromycin
What is neutropenic fever - ANSWERS-Neutropenic fever=
temperature greater than 38.3 C (101 F) & an absolute
neutrophil count less than 500.
