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GEOLOGY 105 FINAL (COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON) QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

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GEOLOGY 105 FINAL (COLLEGE OF CHARLESTON) QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

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Discuss the evolution of whale hearing. How do modern whales hear?


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- Echolocation is how they communicate. Through jaw bones, transmits
sound through vibrations.




What is the effect of shrinking sea ice on global temperatures?

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- Shrinking ice causes oceans to warm. When ocean temperatures rise, so
does the earths temperature.
- Affects albedo- less sea ice, decreased albedo, radiation absorbs




Describe an early horse with respect to legs, teeth, diet.


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- Small (dog size)
- 4 Toes
- Browser: low crowned
- Pointed teeth, U shape jaw.
- Similar to modern goat.




Is Dimetrodon a dinosaur? why/why not?


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No, because dimetrodons have a synapsid skull where dinosaurs have a
diapsid skill.




Describe some basic trends in horse evolution. Describe the changes to horse legs
over the last 55 million years


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, - Teeth became high crowned
- Narrower, U shaped mouths
- Forest to grasslands
- longer legs with hoofs, reduction of digits




Discuss the steps in the transition from therapsid reptiles to mammals.
What were the major innovations during the transitions?
Be sure to include changes to the jaws/ears from reptiles to mammals.


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- more upright stance, where the belly would be under the body. Canines,
molars, and incisors showed different tooth pattern. Improved thermal
regulation. Hair in small therapsids.




What is the greenhouse effect?


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- Greenhouse gasses naturally trap some radiation to keep the earth warm,
but since humans are causing CO2 levels to escalate greenhouse gasses
are trapping in more heat and reflecting it back towards the earth.




What is Australopithecus afarensis? Where did they originate?


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- "Lucy": most complete skeleton ever found
- Stood upright climbed with human and ape features
- Originated in the woodlands, but walked outward to grasslands

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