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Oncologie Samenvatting

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Samenvatting van het vak 'Oncologie', op school Vesalius - Studie Graduaat Verpleegkunde.

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o Chemotherapie
o Radiotherapie
o Hormonale therapie
o Gentherapie
o
o Vaccintherapie
o Radionuclidentherapie
o Oncologische chirurgie
o Pijn bij oncologische zorgvragers

,Pagina 1 van 21

, Chemotherapie
3 essentiële factoren waarom kanker meer voorkomt:
o stijging aantal mensen op aarde
o vergrijzing van wereldbevolking
o verslechterde levenswijze wereldwijd


Wat is cytostatica?
= behandelingsmethode tegen kanker waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van medicatie
-> grijpt in op het metabolisme van de cellen

Chemotherapie = complexe, invasieve en toxische behandeling met smalle therapeutische marge
Te weinig -> onvoldoende effect op tumor
Te veel -> onomkeerbare schade en bijwerkingen voor pt

Soorten cytostatica:
- Remmen een cel in bepaalde fase van ontwikkeling vaak combinatietherapie
- Remmen van celdeling (verschillende combinaties voor
beter werking op tumor)

Elke cytostatica heeft bepaalde toxiciteitprofiel
-> bepaald product is belastend voor een ander orgaan

Voordelen
✓ Max. aantal kankercellen doden zonder schade toe te brengen aan het gezonde weefsel
✓ Kans op resistentie is kleiner

Toedieningsmethode
Richten op snel delende cellen – direct of indirect via bloedbaan
Ook normale lichaamscellen aangevallen (haar, nagels,…)


Werkingsmechanisme
-> DNA van de kankercel worden door chemotherapie verstoord

Elke soort chemo heeft andere werking op DNA
o Groei in cel remmen tot stoppen
o Verminderd de werking van eiwitten met als gevolg afsterven van cel




Pagina 2 van 21

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