Test Bank for A Concise Introduction to Logic 14th Edition | Patrick Hurley | Verified Questions & Answers | 2025/2026 Update

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J. Hurley
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,Chapter 1 Test A
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MULTIPLE CHOICE nm




INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonargu
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mentsand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
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1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today ar
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e workingmore and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more.
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mForty years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical
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man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap
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is 90 minutes and growing.
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a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
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b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
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d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
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e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more a
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nd relaxing less.ANS:
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2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replac
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es other metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that reg
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ulate blood pressure(which can cause development delays in children and high blood
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pressure in adults), heme production(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production.
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mLead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit electrical impulses in the
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brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
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Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" n m nm n m n m nm n m


a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. n m n m n m nm


c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
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e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium
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... recall information.ANS:
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3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuo
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us to choose theproper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation
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and that extremes of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some
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men of practical wisdom who have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that
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they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
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David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice n m n m nm nm nm nm


a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
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c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
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d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
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e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2

4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and
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m federal income taxand Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local mer
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chants, increasing the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work
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for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their employers and the amount of
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taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal immigrants contrib
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ute nothing to the communities in which they live.
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a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
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1

, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
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c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
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d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
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e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2

5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are
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over-arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-
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American women are seven times more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women
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of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer sentences for crim
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es against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder anddrug offenses,
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Euroamerican women ended up serving one- nm nm nm nm nm


third less time for the same offenses than black women.
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Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S. nm nm n m n m n m nm n m


"
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
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b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
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d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
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e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer peri
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ods in prison.ANS: B PTS: 2
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6. It's even more important these days that your computer be protected by a firewall.
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m There are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out probes
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m to detect unprotected PCs. Once avulnerable computer is found, these criminals install s
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oftware that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs. They also
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defraud online advertisers by using these zombie computers tofvisit pay-per-click ads.
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a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
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c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
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e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected
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m by a firewall.ANS: E PTS: 2
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7. The n mearth is of interest to astronomy for many reasons. Nearly all observati
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ons n must be made through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the upper atmosp
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here and the magnetosphere reflect the state of interplanetary space. The earth is also the
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most important object of comparison for planetologists.
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Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy n m nm nm n m nm


a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
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b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
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c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.
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d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... throu
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gh the atmosphere.ANS: C
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8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
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communitiesabutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers, and th
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e makers of traditional medicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not needed, then ti
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ger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be restored, and the imm
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anent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
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a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned.
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c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted.
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2

, d. Argument; conclusion: The makers of traditional medicines ... not needed.
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