STUDY GUIDE FOR MED SURG FINAL
EXAM 2026/2027 WITH 119
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS RATED A+
Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction Medical management
To diagnosis ACTH levels
Dexamethasone suppress test
hypokalemia ad alkalosis
Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction medications
remove the ACTH secreting tumor, or steriod use.
adrenalectomy
ketoconazole
Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction complications
hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and significant muscle weakness.
Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction post-op priorities
to watch for adrenal crisis and stabilizing functions.
Electrolyte management
adrenla insufficiency monitoring
steriod replacement
glucose control.
Thyroid Disorders
hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism signs and symptoms
fatigue
weight gain
cold intolerance
bradycardia
,constipation
dry skin
hair loss
depression
slow thinking
high TSH
Low T3/t4
Hypothyroidism medical management
TSH is main test
*Levothyroxine (most commonly used)
*Lifelong hormone replacement
*Iodized Salt (due to iodine deficiency)
Hypothyroidism treatment and medications
Levothyroxine
Hypothyroidism complications
myxedema coma
myxedema coma
extreme hypothyroidism(abrupt med cessation), rare with a high mortality rate =
decreased cardiac output leads to decreased tissue perfusion which leads to brain
and organ depletion leading to multi-organ failure
Management for myxedema coma is IV thyroid hormone.
Hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms
weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, anxiety, irritability, diarrhea, tremors,
sweating.
Hyperthyroidism medical management
beta blockers to control HR and anxiety
radioactive iodine
Radioactive therapy
-Pharmacological management
-Surgical intervention
Hyperthyroidism symptoms associated with complications
, thyroid storm.
Thyroid storm
a relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism
high fever, severe tachycardia, hypertension, confusion.
Give BETA blockers to control HR. antithyroid meds, cooling measurs.
hyperthyroidism nursing interventions
Vital signs including weight
Antithyroid meds
Thyroidectomy pt teaching
monitor for s/s of Thyroid Storm
treatment for exophthalmos
Eye drop sfor lubrication. Tape eyelids shut at night, elevate head of bed,
sunglasses.
This prevents corneal damage.
why do patients with hyperthyroidism have exophthalmos
[Graves' disease]—develop exophthalmos (bulging eyes) because autoimmune
antibodies attack the muscles and fatty tissues behind the eyes.
RAI therapy for hyperthyroidism
Radioactive Iodine (RAI) therapy is a definitive treatment for hyperthyroidism that
uses a radioactive isotope of iodine (I-131) to destroy overactive thyroid cells. Side
effect is hypothryoidism
Acid-Base Balance
Regulation of pH levels in the body.
Acid-Base Balance normal values
PH: Acid 7.35-7.43 Base
Co2: acid 45-35 Base
HCO3 : acid 22-26 Base
How to interpret an ABG
EXAM 2026/2027 WITH 119
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS RATED A+
Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction Medical management
To diagnosis ACTH levels
Dexamethasone suppress test
hypokalemia ad alkalosis
Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction medications
remove the ACTH secreting tumor, or steriod use.
adrenalectomy
ketoconazole
Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction complications
hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and significant muscle weakness.
Adrenal Cortex Hyperfunction post-op priorities
to watch for adrenal crisis and stabilizing functions.
Electrolyte management
adrenla insufficiency monitoring
steriod replacement
glucose control.
Thyroid Disorders
hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism signs and symptoms
fatigue
weight gain
cold intolerance
bradycardia
,constipation
dry skin
hair loss
depression
slow thinking
high TSH
Low T3/t4
Hypothyroidism medical management
TSH is main test
*Levothyroxine (most commonly used)
*Lifelong hormone replacement
*Iodized Salt (due to iodine deficiency)
Hypothyroidism treatment and medications
Levothyroxine
Hypothyroidism complications
myxedema coma
myxedema coma
extreme hypothyroidism(abrupt med cessation), rare with a high mortality rate =
decreased cardiac output leads to decreased tissue perfusion which leads to brain
and organ depletion leading to multi-organ failure
Management for myxedema coma is IV thyroid hormone.
Hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms
weight loss, heat intolerance, tachycardia, anxiety, irritability, diarrhea, tremors,
sweating.
Hyperthyroidism medical management
beta blockers to control HR and anxiety
radioactive iodine
Radioactive therapy
-Pharmacological management
-Surgical intervention
Hyperthyroidism symptoms associated with complications
, thyroid storm.
Thyroid storm
a relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism
high fever, severe tachycardia, hypertension, confusion.
Give BETA blockers to control HR. antithyroid meds, cooling measurs.
hyperthyroidism nursing interventions
Vital signs including weight
Antithyroid meds
Thyroidectomy pt teaching
monitor for s/s of Thyroid Storm
treatment for exophthalmos
Eye drop sfor lubrication. Tape eyelids shut at night, elevate head of bed,
sunglasses.
This prevents corneal damage.
why do patients with hyperthyroidism have exophthalmos
[Graves' disease]—develop exophthalmos (bulging eyes) because autoimmune
antibodies attack the muscles and fatty tissues behind the eyes.
RAI therapy for hyperthyroidism
Radioactive Iodine (RAI) therapy is a definitive treatment for hyperthyroidism that
uses a radioactive isotope of iodine (I-131) to destroy overactive thyroid cells. Side
effect is hypothryoidism
Acid-Base Balance
Regulation of pH levels in the body.
Acid-Base Balance normal values
PH: Acid 7.35-7.43 Base
Co2: acid 45-35 Base
HCO3 : acid 22-26 Base
How to interpret an ABG
