PSYCH 140 Module 1 Theoretical Perspectives Study
Guide Latest Update 2026 | Lifespan Development |
Exam Prep
1. Describe the role of the id in Freud's model of personality development.
The id helps in rational decision-making and problem-solving.
The id is responsible for basic instinctual drives and operates on the
pleasure principle.
The id develops through social interactions and cultural influences.
The id regulates moral behavior and social norms.
2. Which of the following best represents the concept of nurture in the context
of developmental psychology?
Nurture refers to the environmental factors that influence
development.
Nurture refers to the genetic or biological factors that influence
development.
Nurture refers to the influence of peers and social interactions on
development.
Nurture refers to the cognitive processes that shape development.
3. What does the term 'nurture' refer to in the context of human development?
The individual's environment and influences that shape behavior
and development.
The innate abilities present at birth.
The biological processes that occur during growth.
The genetic predispositions inherited from parents.
,4. Describe how social learning theory differs from traditional learning theories.
Social learning theory is based entirely on reinforcement schedules.
Social learning theory emphasizes learning through observation
rather than direct experience.
Social learning theory ignores the role of the environment.
Social learning theory focuses solely on genetic influences.
5. Which of the following statements is true of classical conditioning?
In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between
two stimuli
As a result of classical conditioning, organisms learn to decrease
behaviors that are followed by punishment.
As a result of classical conditioning, organisms learn to increase
behaviors that are followed by rewards
In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between a
behavior and a consequence
6. The nurse completes her interview of a 39-year-old female client who seems
happily married with four healthy children who are doing very well in school
and who works part time as a college professor. The nurse would be able to
conclude that this client is in which of the following psychosocial
developmental stages?
Stagnation
Intimacy
Generativity
Isolation
, 7. Describe the significance of Piaget's cognitive stages of development in
understanding child psychology.
Piaget's cognitive stages provide a framework for understanding
how children's thinking evolves over time.
Piaget's stages focus solely on emotional development in children.
Piaget's theory emphasizes the role of social interactions in cognitive
growth.
Piaget's stages are irrelevant to modern psychology.
8. If an individual experiences fixation at the oral stage of Freud's psychosexual
development, what personality traits might they exhibit in adulthood?
Independence and assertiveness.
Aggressiveness and dominance.
Perfectionism and orderliness.
Dependency and passivity.
9. What theory is Albert Bandura primarily associated with?
Psychosocial development theory
Cognitive development theory
Behaviorism
Social learning theory
10. How do cognitive stages of development contribute to a child's
understanding of the world?
They outline the stages of emotional development.
Guide Latest Update 2026 | Lifespan Development |
Exam Prep
1. Describe the role of the id in Freud's model of personality development.
The id helps in rational decision-making and problem-solving.
The id is responsible for basic instinctual drives and operates on the
pleasure principle.
The id develops through social interactions and cultural influences.
The id regulates moral behavior and social norms.
2. Which of the following best represents the concept of nurture in the context
of developmental psychology?
Nurture refers to the environmental factors that influence
development.
Nurture refers to the genetic or biological factors that influence
development.
Nurture refers to the influence of peers and social interactions on
development.
Nurture refers to the cognitive processes that shape development.
3. What does the term 'nurture' refer to in the context of human development?
The individual's environment and influences that shape behavior
and development.
The innate abilities present at birth.
The biological processes that occur during growth.
The genetic predispositions inherited from parents.
,4. Describe how social learning theory differs from traditional learning theories.
Social learning theory is based entirely on reinforcement schedules.
Social learning theory emphasizes learning through observation
rather than direct experience.
Social learning theory ignores the role of the environment.
Social learning theory focuses solely on genetic influences.
5. Which of the following statements is true of classical conditioning?
In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between
two stimuli
As a result of classical conditioning, organisms learn to decrease
behaviors that are followed by punishment.
As a result of classical conditioning, organisms learn to increase
behaviors that are followed by rewards
In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between a
behavior and a consequence
6. The nurse completes her interview of a 39-year-old female client who seems
happily married with four healthy children who are doing very well in school
and who works part time as a college professor. The nurse would be able to
conclude that this client is in which of the following psychosocial
developmental stages?
Stagnation
Intimacy
Generativity
Isolation
, 7. Describe the significance of Piaget's cognitive stages of development in
understanding child psychology.
Piaget's cognitive stages provide a framework for understanding
how children's thinking evolves over time.
Piaget's stages focus solely on emotional development in children.
Piaget's theory emphasizes the role of social interactions in cognitive
growth.
Piaget's stages are irrelevant to modern psychology.
8. If an individual experiences fixation at the oral stage of Freud's psychosexual
development, what personality traits might they exhibit in adulthood?
Independence and assertiveness.
Aggressiveness and dominance.
Perfectionism and orderliness.
Dependency and passivity.
9. What theory is Albert Bandura primarily associated with?
Psychosocial development theory
Cognitive development theory
Behaviorism
Social learning theory
10. How do cognitive stages of development contribute to a child's
understanding of the world?
They outline the stages of emotional development.
