Biology Major Field Test - MTSU Exam
questions 2026 Exam Questions and
verified Answers
Biomolecules and Monomers - CORRECT ANSWERS Protein (amino acids) Carbohydrates
(simple sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)
ecology - CORRECT ANSWERS is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life
and the interactions between organisms and their environment.
Adaptive vs. Innate Immune Response - CORRECT ANSWERS Adaptive -
"specific response"
Has immunological memory
Later response (3-7 days)
Uses B and T cells
Effectiveness increases with exposure
Innate-
"nonspecific response"
1st line of defense
Response within 12 hours
Lacks immunological memory
dipeptides - CORRECT ANSWERS two amino acids bonded together
,biotic factors - CORRECT ANSWERS Living factors in an organism's environment
Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWERS Benefit to both partners
Normally partners cannot live seperately
what is the general fatty acid formula - CORRECT ANSWERS CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n= an
even number between 12 and 24
abiotic factors - CORRECT ANSWERS Nonliving factors in an organism's environment
Cooperation - CORRECT ANSWERS A beneficial but not obligate form of symbiosis
explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWERS saturated: only
single bonds in hydrocarbon chain... unsaturated: one or more double bonds
biosphere - CORRECT ANSWERS a thin layer around Earth that extends from several
kilometers above the earth's surface down to the bottom of the ocean.
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWERS One partner benefits, the other is neither helped or
harmed
glycerides - CORRECT ANSWERS glycerol and 3 fatty acids
biome - CORRECT ANSWERS a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and
have similar types of communities.
Ammensalism - CORRECT ANSWERS The negative impact of one organism on another due to
release of specific compounds
,Levels of Protein Structure - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-helices or
beta-pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit structure
ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWERS a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that
affect it.
If a pathogen can be transmitted via direct contact it is ______ virulent compare to another pathogen
that is vector-borne. - CORRECT ANSWERS Less virulent
Toxin - CORRECT ANSWERS Specific substance that alters the normal metabolism of the host
cell
habitat - CORRECT ANSWERS an area where an organism lives.
nucleotide is composed of - CORRECT ANSWERS phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous
base
Autotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Carbon source from atmospheric CO2
Vmax - CORRECT ANSWERS maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is saturated
with enzyme
niche - CORRECT ANSWERS the role or position that an organism has in its environment.
Feedback Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWERS end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn. blocks
original enz.
, biological community - CORRECT ANSWERS a group of interacting populations that occupy
the same geographic area at the same time.
Heterotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Carbon source from organic compounds
Phototrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Energy source is light
competition - CORRECT ANSWERS occurs when more than one organism uses a resource at
the same time
Competitive Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWERS molecules compete with substrate for enzyme's
active sites
irreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS chemically and covalently bind to active site;
rendering it permanently inactive
Chemotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Energy source is from oxidation of chemical compounds
predation - CORRECT ANSWERS when one species preys upon and eats another species for
food.
psuedoirreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS extremely high affinities for active site;
hard to displace
symbiosis - CORRECT ANSWERS the close relationship between two species
Lithotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Electron source from reduction of inorganic substances
questions 2026 Exam Questions and
verified Answers
Biomolecules and Monomers - CORRECT ANSWERS Protein (amino acids) Carbohydrates
(simple sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)
ecology - CORRECT ANSWERS is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life
and the interactions between organisms and their environment.
Adaptive vs. Innate Immune Response - CORRECT ANSWERS Adaptive -
"specific response"
Has immunological memory
Later response (3-7 days)
Uses B and T cells
Effectiveness increases with exposure
Innate-
"nonspecific response"
1st line of defense
Response within 12 hours
Lacks immunological memory
dipeptides - CORRECT ANSWERS two amino acids bonded together
,biotic factors - CORRECT ANSWERS Living factors in an organism's environment
Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWERS Benefit to both partners
Normally partners cannot live seperately
what is the general fatty acid formula - CORRECT ANSWERS CH3(CH2)nCOOH where n= an
even number between 12 and 24
abiotic factors - CORRECT ANSWERS Nonliving factors in an organism's environment
Cooperation - CORRECT ANSWERS A beneficial but not obligate form of symbiosis
explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWERS saturated: only
single bonds in hydrocarbon chain... unsaturated: one or more double bonds
biosphere - CORRECT ANSWERS a thin layer around Earth that extends from several
kilometers above the earth's surface down to the bottom of the ocean.
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWERS One partner benefits, the other is neither helped or
harmed
glycerides - CORRECT ANSWERS glycerol and 3 fatty acids
biome - CORRECT ANSWERS a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and
have similar types of communities.
Ammensalism - CORRECT ANSWERS The negative impact of one organism on another due to
release of specific compounds
,Levels of Protein Structure - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-helices or
beta-pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit structure
ecosystem - CORRECT ANSWERS a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that
affect it.
If a pathogen can be transmitted via direct contact it is ______ virulent compare to another pathogen
that is vector-borne. - CORRECT ANSWERS Less virulent
Toxin - CORRECT ANSWERS Specific substance that alters the normal metabolism of the host
cell
habitat - CORRECT ANSWERS an area where an organism lives.
nucleotide is composed of - CORRECT ANSWERS phosphate group; sugar group; nitrogenous
base
Autotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Carbon source from atmospheric CO2
Vmax - CORRECT ANSWERS maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is saturated
with enzyme
niche - CORRECT ANSWERS the role or position that an organism has in its environment.
Feedback Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWERS end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn. blocks
original enz.
, biological community - CORRECT ANSWERS a group of interacting populations that occupy
the same geographic area at the same time.
Heterotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Carbon source from organic compounds
Phototrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Energy source is light
competition - CORRECT ANSWERS occurs when more than one organism uses a resource at
the same time
Competitive Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWERS molecules compete with substrate for enzyme's
active sites
irreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS chemically and covalently bind to active site;
rendering it permanently inactive
Chemotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Energy source is from oxidation of chemical compounds
predation - CORRECT ANSWERS when one species preys upon and eats another species for
food.
psuedoirreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWERS extremely high affinities for active site;
hard to displace
symbiosis - CORRECT ANSWERS the close relationship between two species
Lithotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS Electron source from reduction of inorganic substances
