AQA A-Level Biology Paper 1 Question
Paper & Mark Scheme (Merged) 2026
polymer - Answer--long molecules formed from combinations of many monomers
joined together
condensation reaction - Answer--a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules
join and produces one water molecule
hydrolysis reaction - Answer--A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger
molecule by adding a molecule of water
isomers - Answer--Compounds with the same chemical formulae but different
structures.
carbohydrates - Answer--compounds made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
(monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides), important energy store
monosaccharide - Answer--simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)
disaccharide - Answer--two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond
polysaccharide - Answer--many sugar units joined by a glycosidic bond
maltose - Answer--α glucose + α glucose
lactose - Answer--glucose + galactose
sucrose - Answer--glucose + fructose
where is lactose found? - Answer--milk
where is maltose found? - Answer--germinating seeds
where is sucrose found? - Answer--table sugar
cellulose - Answer--polymer of β glucose
, starch - Answer--polymer of α glucose (amylose + amylopectin)
what is the structure of cellulose? - Answer--long, unbranched chains of β glucose,
insoluble
where is cellulose found? - Answer--plant cell walls
why is cellulose strong? - Answer--chains linked by h bonds form microfibrils giving
high tensile strength to prevent osmotic lysis
what is the structure of starch? - Answer--long, highly-branched, compact helix and
insluble
where is starch found? - Answer--energy stores in plants
glycogen - Answer--storage form of glucose in animals, compact, highly-branched
structure
limits of the Benedict's test - Answer--isn't specific or sensitive
what is the test for reducing sugars? - Answer--Benedict's test
what colour will the solution be in the presence of reducing sugars? - Answer--green
→ red (nearer red, higher conc reducing sugar)
what is the test for starch? - Answer--iodine test
if starch is present, what colour will the iodine be? - Answer--orange → blue-black
covalent bond - Answer--a chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of
electrons
ionic bond - Answer--the bond between two oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond - Answer--the attraction between a partially positive hydrogen
atom(δ+) and a partially negative atom(δ-)
lipid - Answer--compounds mostly made from carbon and hydrogen (triglycerides
and phospholipids), energy store, thermal insulator, for buoyancy and protection
triglyceride - Answer--1 glycerol + 3 fatty acid tails joined by an ester bond
glycerol - Answer--a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group(-OH) attached to
each
Paper & Mark Scheme (Merged) 2026
polymer - Answer--long molecules formed from combinations of many monomers
joined together
condensation reaction - Answer--a chemical reaction in which two or more molecules
join and produces one water molecule
hydrolysis reaction - Answer--A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger
molecule by adding a molecule of water
isomers - Answer--Compounds with the same chemical formulae but different
structures.
carbohydrates - Answer--compounds made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
(monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides), important energy store
monosaccharide - Answer--simple sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose)
disaccharide - Answer--two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond
polysaccharide - Answer--many sugar units joined by a glycosidic bond
maltose - Answer--α glucose + α glucose
lactose - Answer--glucose + galactose
sucrose - Answer--glucose + fructose
where is lactose found? - Answer--milk
where is maltose found? - Answer--germinating seeds
where is sucrose found? - Answer--table sugar
cellulose - Answer--polymer of β glucose
, starch - Answer--polymer of α glucose (amylose + amylopectin)
what is the structure of cellulose? - Answer--long, unbranched chains of β glucose,
insoluble
where is cellulose found? - Answer--plant cell walls
why is cellulose strong? - Answer--chains linked by h bonds form microfibrils giving
high tensile strength to prevent osmotic lysis
what is the structure of starch? - Answer--long, highly-branched, compact helix and
insluble
where is starch found? - Answer--energy stores in plants
glycogen - Answer--storage form of glucose in animals, compact, highly-branched
structure
limits of the Benedict's test - Answer--isn't specific or sensitive
what is the test for reducing sugars? - Answer--Benedict's test
what colour will the solution be in the presence of reducing sugars? - Answer--green
→ red (nearer red, higher conc reducing sugar)
what is the test for starch? - Answer--iodine test
if starch is present, what colour will the iodine be? - Answer--orange → blue-black
covalent bond - Answer--a chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of
electrons
ionic bond - Answer--the bond between two oppositely charged ions
hydrogen bond - Answer--the attraction between a partially positive hydrogen
atom(δ+) and a partially negative atom(δ-)
lipid - Answer--compounds mostly made from carbon and hydrogen (triglycerides
and phospholipids), energy store, thermal insulator, for buoyancy and protection
triglyceride - Answer--1 glycerol + 3 fatty acid tails joined by an ester bond
glycerol - Answer--a three-carbon alcohol with a hydroxyl group(-OH) attached to
each
