EXSC 387 EXAM 1 EXAMINATION REVIEW
PACK BUNDLED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● Consistency.
Answer: Findings must be consistent in terms of demographic
characteristics
●● Persistence.
Answer: Findings are persistent over time
●● Independence:.
Answer: The cause-effect relationship is seen in the presence and
absence of other influences
●● Dose-response:.
Answer: Increased exposure to cause yields corresponding change in
risk of condition
Can have a positive or negative accelerating curve
●● Specificity.
Answer: The cause is specific for the observed effect
,●● Alterability.
Answer: Modification of the suspected cause produces a corresponding
change in the effect
●● Repeatability:.
Answer: Different investigators in different places at different times and
using different methods on different study populations should tend to
come up with similar results
●● Wellness.
Answer: The positive component of health while disease, illness, and
debilitating conditions are what detract from health
Emphasizes individual responsibility for how a person manages their
own good health
Wellness ≠ Health
●● Prevalence & Incidence.
Answer: Prevalence: proportion (total proportion in population that have
a disease
Incidence: number of new cases
●● Risk factor.
, Answer: any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that
increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
Modifiable and non-modifiable
Having multiple risk factors creates a greater chance of disease than
simply adding individual risk from each risk factors.
●● What are non-modifiable risk factors?.
Answer: Things you can't change
Age, gender, genetics, family history
●● What are modifiable risk factors?.
Answer: Things you can change
Blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diet, obesity, PA
●● Population attributable risk.
Answer: Percentage of disease incidence that would be eliminated if the
risk factor were removed
Can be more than 100% (increase or decrease). Because you can add the
risk of the genetic factor with the environmental/lifestyle factor. Or you
if you don't have the genetic factor nor the environmental/lifestyle factor
your risk will be much lower.
Non-genetic factors have high attributable risk - 80% to 90%
●● Polymorphism.
PACK BUNDLED QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS
●● Consistency.
Answer: Findings must be consistent in terms of demographic
characteristics
●● Persistence.
Answer: Findings are persistent over time
●● Independence:.
Answer: The cause-effect relationship is seen in the presence and
absence of other influences
●● Dose-response:.
Answer: Increased exposure to cause yields corresponding change in
risk of condition
Can have a positive or negative accelerating curve
●● Specificity.
Answer: The cause is specific for the observed effect
,●● Alterability.
Answer: Modification of the suspected cause produces a corresponding
change in the effect
●● Repeatability:.
Answer: Different investigators in different places at different times and
using different methods on different study populations should tend to
come up with similar results
●● Wellness.
Answer: The positive component of health while disease, illness, and
debilitating conditions are what detract from health
Emphasizes individual responsibility for how a person manages their
own good health
Wellness ≠ Health
●● Prevalence & Incidence.
Answer: Prevalence: proportion (total proportion in population that have
a disease
Incidence: number of new cases
●● Risk factor.
, Answer: any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that
increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
Modifiable and non-modifiable
Having multiple risk factors creates a greater chance of disease than
simply adding individual risk from each risk factors.
●● What are non-modifiable risk factors?.
Answer: Things you can't change
Age, gender, genetics, family history
●● What are modifiable risk factors?.
Answer: Things you can change
Blood pressure, smoking, high cholesterol, diet, obesity, PA
●● Population attributable risk.
Answer: Percentage of disease incidence that would be eliminated if the
risk factor were removed
Can be more than 100% (increase or decrease). Because you can add the
risk of the genetic factor with the environmental/lifestyle factor. Or you
if you don't have the genetic factor nor the environmental/lifestyle factor
your risk will be much lower.
Non-genetic factors have high attributable risk - 80% to 90%
●● Polymorphism.
