PER 510
Ch. 2 Outline
Cell Theory- Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are basic unit of structure and function (form fits function)
Cells only come from pre-existing cells
All Cells have a plasma membrane and protoplasm (cytoplasm)= boundary and internal environment
Protoplasm (cytoplasm): Mixture of water, electrolytes, organic macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins and nucleic acids)
Viscosity varies with composition (watery liquid → thick gelatin like)
Medium for most metabolic activities
Helps to provide structure and support
Water- 70 – 85% of cell contents, critical to life
Properties- cohesion and adhesion
High surface tension
High specific heat
High boiling point and thermal conductivity
High heat of fusion
Low density on freezing
High dielectric constant
Incompressible
Ionizes well and is a good solvent (polar substances)
Electrolytes- Important ions in the cell
potassium, magnesium, phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate, sodium, chloride, and calcium
Proteins- 10 – 20% of cell composition (2nd to water)
Structural- long filaments (often polymers of smaller monomer filaments- peptide chains)
Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella and mitotic/meiotic spindle during cell division
Also secreted to ECM and make up connective tissue ECM (collagen, elastin, etc…)
Functional- globular proteins (enzymes) control metabolic process within cells
May be free floating, bound to internal or surface membranes or enclosed within organelles
Ch. 2 Outline
Cell Theory- Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann and Virchow
All living things are composed of cells
Cells are basic unit of structure and function (form fits function)
Cells only come from pre-existing cells
All Cells have a plasma membrane and protoplasm (cytoplasm)= boundary and internal environment
Protoplasm (cytoplasm): Mixture of water, electrolytes, organic macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins and nucleic acids)
Viscosity varies with composition (watery liquid → thick gelatin like)
Medium for most metabolic activities
Helps to provide structure and support
Water- 70 – 85% of cell contents, critical to life
Properties- cohesion and adhesion
High surface tension
High specific heat
High boiling point and thermal conductivity
High heat of fusion
Low density on freezing
High dielectric constant
Incompressible
Ionizes well and is a good solvent (polar substances)
Electrolytes- Important ions in the cell
potassium, magnesium, phosphate, sulfate, bicarbonate, sodium, chloride, and calcium
Proteins- 10 – 20% of cell composition (2nd to water)
Structural- long filaments (often polymers of smaller monomer filaments- peptide chains)
Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella and mitotic/meiotic spindle during cell division
Also secreted to ECM and make up connective tissue ECM (collagen, elastin, etc…)
Functional- globular proteins (enzymes) control metabolic process within cells
May be free floating, bound to internal or surface membranes or enclosed within organelles
