WJEC Criminology exam with verified
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answers
Internal|social|control|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Controls|that|come|from|within|ourselves,|from|
personalities|and|values,|that|lead|us|to|conform|to|the|rules|of|society.
Moral|conscience|(superego)|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Forms|through|early|socialisation.
Forms|part|of|our|personality,|telling|us|right|from|wrong|and|inflicts|feelings|of|guilt.|
Restrains|the|selfish|'animal'|urges|of|the|Id|and|allows|us|to|exercise|self-control.
Traditions|and|cultures|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-We|accept|traditions|and|religions|of|the|family|that|
form|part|of|our|identity.|
Eg,|Muslim|tradition|of|fasting|during|Ramadan.|
Conforming|to|these|is|an|important|way|of|confirming|one's|identity.
Internalising|social|rules|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-We|internalise|social|rules|and|traditions|through|the|
process|of|socialisation|in|the|family|or|wider|social|groups.|
Society's|rules|and|moral|codes|then|become|our|own|personal|rules.|
We|use|them|to|tell|us|what|is|right|from|wrong,|and|so|we|keep|within|the|law|(rational|
ideology).
External|social|control|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Agencies|that|aim|to|ensure|we|conform|to|its|
expectations|and|keep|to|its|rules.
Agencies|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Organisations|or|institutions|that|impose|rules|on|us|to|make|us|
behave|in|particular|ways.|
, May|include|parents,|peer|groups,|teachers,|who|give|us|positive|sanctions|to|those|conforming|
and|negative|ones|to|those|who|aren't.|
Echos|Skinner's|operant|learning|theory,|as|punishments|deter|undesirable|behaviour|and|
rewards|encourage|acceptable|behaviour.
Criminal|justice|system|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Police|have|the|power|to|stop|and|search,|arrest,|detain|
and|question.|
CPS|can|charge|a|suspect|and|prosecute|them|in|court.|
Judges|and|magistrates|have|powers|to|bail|the|accused|or|remand|them|in|custody,|and|
sentence|the|guilty.|
Prison|service|can|detain|prisoners|against|their|will|for|the|duration|of|their|sentence|and|
punish|their|misbehaviour.
Coercion|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Use|of|threat|or|force|in|order|to|make|someone|do,|or|stop|doing,|
something.|
May|involve|physical|or|psychological|violence|or|the|threat|to|do|it.
Fear|of|punishment|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Form|of|coercion|that|makes|people|conform|to|laws.|If|you|
commit|a|crime,|you|will|be|arrested,|charged,|convicted|and|even|jailed|against|your|will.|
Deterrence|is|the|fear|of|being|caught,|makes|people|continue|to|obey|the|law.|Fear|of|
punishment|acts|as|a|deterrent|for|committing|crime.
Retribution|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Offender|pays|back|for|their|wrongful|behaviour.|
Offender|deserves|to|be|punished|('just|deserts')|and|society|is|morally|entitled|to|get|'revenge'.|
Punishment|should|be|proportional|to|the|crime|committed|-|'an|eye|for|an|eye,|tooth|for|a|
tooth'.
Retribution|-|theory|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Right|Realism|-|rational|choice|theory.|Offenders|are|
rational|actors|who|consciously|choose|to|commit|crime,|so|they|are|responsible|for|their|
actions.|They|should|suffer|societal|outrage|for|their|behaviour.|
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answers
Internal|social|control|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Controls|that|come|from|within|ourselves,|from|
personalities|and|values,|that|lead|us|to|conform|to|the|rules|of|society.
Moral|conscience|(superego)|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Forms|through|early|socialisation.
Forms|part|of|our|personality,|telling|us|right|from|wrong|and|inflicts|feelings|of|guilt.|
Restrains|the|selfish|'animal'|urges|of|the|Id|and|allows|us|to|exercise|self-control.
Traditions|and|cultures|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-We|accept|traditions|and|religions|of|the|family|that|
form|part|of|our|identity.|
Eg,|Muslim|tradition|of|fasting|during|Ramadan.|
Conforming|to|these|is|an|important|way|of|confirming|one's|identity.
Internalising|social|rules|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-We|internalise|social|rules|and|traditions|through|the|
process|of|socialisation|in|the|family|or|wider|social|groups.|
Society's|rules|and|moral|codes|then|become|our|own|personal|rules.|
We|use|them|to|tell|us|what|is|right|from|wrong,|and|so|we|keep|within|the|law|(rational|
ideology).
External|social|control|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Agencies|that|aim|to|ensure|we|conform|to|its|
expectations|and|keep|to|its|rules.
Agencies|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Organisations|or|institutions|that|impose|rules|on|us|to|make|us|
behave|in|particular|ways.|
, May|include|parents,|peer|groups,|teachers,|who|give|us|positive|sanctions|to|those|conforming|
and|negative|ones|to|those|who|aren't.|
Echos|Skinner's|operant|learning|theory,|as|punishments|deter|undesirable|behaviour|and|
rewards|encourage|acceptable|behaviour.
Criminal|justice|system|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Police|have|the|power|to|stop|and|search,|arrest,|detain|
and|question.|
CPS|can|charge|a|suspect|and|prosecute|them|in|court.|
Judges|and|magistrates|have|powers|to|bail|the|accused|or|remand|them|in|custody,|and|
sentence|the|guilty.|
Prison|service|can|detain|prisoners|against|their|will|for|the|duration|of|their|sentence|and|
punish|their|misbehaviour.
Coercion|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Use|of|threat|or|force|in|order|to|make|someone|do,|or|stop|doing,|
something.|
May|involve|physical|or|psychological|violence|or|the|threat|to|do|it.
Fear|of|punishment|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Form|of|coercion|that|makes|people|conform|to|laws.|If|you|
commit|a|crime,|you|will|be|arrested,|charged,|convicted|and|even|jailed|against|your|will.|
Deterrence|is|the|fear|of|being|caught,|makes|people|continue|to|obey|the|law.|Fear|of|
punishment|acts|as|a|deterrent|for|committing|crime.
Retribution|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Offender|pays|back|for|their|wrongful|behaviour.|
Offender|deserves|to|be|punished|('just|deserts')|and|society|is|morally|entitled|to|get|'revenge'.|
Punishment|should|be|proportional|to|the|crime|committed|-|'an|eye|for|an|eye,|tooth|for|a|
tooth'.
Retribution|-|theory|-|ANSWER✔✔✔-Right|Realism|-|rational|choice|theory.|Offenders|are|
rational|actors|who|consciously|choose|to|commit|crime,|so|they|are|responsible|for|their|
actions.|They|should|suffer|societal|outrage|for|their|behaviour.|
