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Describe Public Law 93-380. - CORRECT ANSWER-Public Law 93-380, commonly known as the
Buckley Amendment provides for the confidentiality of school and college related information.
An educational institution may not release private information even to parents without the
student's consent unless the student is under 18 years old or listed as a dependent on the
parents' federal tax return. Students and parents of dependent students have the right to
inspect the student's record and correct errors.
Explain bivariate tabular analysis. - CORRECT ANSWER-Bivariate tablular analysis (or crossbreak)
is a method of graphically illustrating the relationship or non-relationship of two variables by
the use of an X/Y graph. Traditionally the independent variable is shown by the vertical axis and
the dependent variable by the horizontal axis.
Explain chi-square. - CORRECT ANSWER-Chi-squared is used to determine if there are significant
differences in the distribution of two data sets. This test is used to determine whether the data
fits a known type of distribution or whether different attributes or factors in a single data set are
related or independent of each other. Another use for the test is to determine if two data sets
or populations are homogeneous when compared to each other.
List the major types of tests and inventories with examples. (5) PIIAA - CORRECT ANSWER-
Intelligence exams are used to measure a person's mental ability. Stanford-Binet Intelligence
Scales, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAAIS-III), and Kaufman Assessment Battery for
Children are examples of this type.
,Achievement tests measure learning and are often given in schools at particular grade levels or
as "end of year" tests. They can also be used as diagnostic tools. Some examples are: the
California Achievement Test and the General Education Development (GED).
Aptitude tests, which can also be called ability tests, are used to measure a person's ability to
master skills or acquire knowledge. Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT) and Career Ability
Placement Survey (CAPS) are examples.
Personality tests are used to determine a person's personality traits and may be projective,
inventories or specialized. Examples are: projective - Rorschach, and Thematic Apperception
Test (TAT); inventory - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) and Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator; specialized - Tennessee Self-concept Scale and Luria-Nebraska
Neuropsychological Battery.
Interest inventories are used to determine a person's likes and dislikes. Strong Interest
Inventory, Career Assessment Inventory, and O*Net Interest Profiler are examples.
Define mean - CORRECT ANSWER-Mean - the average score from a group of tests.
Define median - CORRECT ANSWER-Median - the middle score from a group of tests.
Define mode - CORRECT ANSWER-Mode - the score that occurs most frequently in a set of
scores.
Define skew - CORRECT ANSWER-Skew - the amount a score deviates from the norm.
Define range - CORRECT ANSWER-Range - the lowest score subtracted from the highest.
, Define standard deviation - CORRECT ANSWER-Standard deviation - a measure of statistical
dispersion - in testing, how widely spread the scores are from the mean.
Define variance - CORRECT ANSWER-Variance - the square of the standard deviation.
Define bell curve. - CORRECT ANSWER-Bell curve - a graphic illustration of the normal
distribution of a data set.
Explain how women have changed the U.S. workforce in recent years. - CORRECT ANSWER-In
the past ten years the number of women working full time has doubled and almost 50% of the
labor force is now female. On average women earn only about 75% of male wages. Minority
women earn even less with Hispanic-American women earning only 48% and African-American
women earning 58%, while the earning level of Asian-American women is at 67%. Several social
issues relating to children and family have developed from the increased numbers of women in
the workforce. Since many of them are of childbearing age, pregnancy problems and childbirth
insurance is needed. Childbirth leave is a concern for many. Childcare is of great concern and
many companies have added in-house daycare facilities.
Give the counseling techniques associated with psychoanalysis - CORRECT ANSWER-
Psychoanalysis - exploration of the unconscious through such techniques as free association,
and the analysis and interpretation of dreams.
Give the counseling techniques associated with Adlerian - CORRECT ANSWER-Adlerian - the
counselor exhibits empathy and support - techniques include modeling and education with
homework and goal-setting assignments.
Give the counseling techniques associated with Person-centered - CORRECT ANSWER-Person-
centered - counselor exhibits acceptance and empathy - techniques include open-ended
questions and active/passive listening.