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Samenvatting Klinisch eindexamen UA UAskMe - NEUROLOGIE

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Volledige uitwerking van de UAskMe lijst van het vak NEUROLOGIE. Voldoende om te slagen voor MCQ en mondeling klinisch eindexamen aan de Universiteit Antwerpen.

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U ASK ME
NEUROLOGIE




KLINISCH EINDEXAMEN
2025-2026

,INHOUDSTAFEL
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1. Neurologische complicaties van niet-neurologische aandoeningen ................................................................ 13
2. Cerebraal aneurysma en subarachnoïdale bloeding ......................................................................................... 17
3. Ziekte van Parkinson en cerebellaire aandoeningen ........................................................................................ 21
4. Ruggenmergaandoeningen ............................................................................................................................... 29
5. Neurotrauma ..................................................................................................................................................... 35
6. Neuro-oncologie ............................................................................................................................................... 40
7. Beroerte ............................................................................................................................................................ 44
8. Dysarthrie en dysfagie ....................................................................................................................................... 47
9. Aandoeningen van de hersenzenuwen ............................................................................................................. 50
10. Hoofd- en aangezichtspijn ............................................................................................................................... 56
11. Ziekten van spier, voorhoorncellen, zenuwwortels en perifere zenuwen ...................................................... 62
12. Bewegingsstoornissen en extrapiramidale ziekten ......................................................................................... 70
13. Pijn in rug en benen ........................................................................................................................................ 76
14. Dementie ......................................................................................................................................................... 81
15. Afasie ............................................................................................................................................................... 86
16. Multiple sclerose ............................................................................................................................................. 88
17. Infecties centraal zenuwstelsel en hersenvliezen ........................................................................................... 91
18. Metabole stoornissen ..................................................................................................................................... 96
19. Neurologische afwijkingen bij kinderen .......................................................................................................... 98
20. Palliatieve zorgen en levenseindebeslissingen ............................................................................................. 102
Epilepsie .............................................................................................................................................................. 103
Klinisch redeneren .............................................................................................................................................. 108




2

,INLEIDING
ANATOMIE

PARASYMPATICUS VS SYMPATICUS




CEREBRUM

- 2 hemisferen → belangrijkste verbinding is het corpus callosum
- Buitenkant: grijze stof
 binnenkant = witte stof (hierin liggen gebieden met grijze stof, zoals thalamus, basale ganglia)
- Frontaal, temporaal, pariëtaal, occipitaal: de belangrijkste hersengebieden:
o (1) Frontaal: primair motor cortex
o (2) Parietaal: primaire sensorische cortex
o (3) Occipitaal: Primaire visuele cortex
o (4) Frontaal: Expressief taalcentrum van Broca (spreken)
o (5) Temporaal: Auditieve cortex
o (6) Temporaal: Receptief spraakcentrum van Wernicke (begrijpen)
o (7) Temporaal: primaire olfactorische cortex




3

, BASALE GANGLIA

- Nucleus subthalamicus (STN)
- Substantia nigra (SN) → inputkernen
- Nucleus lentiformis
o Putamen
o Globus pallidus
▪ Interna
▪ externa
- Neostriatum → schakelorganen
o Nucleus caudatus
o Putamen
- Corpus striatum
o Globus pallidus (interna en externa)
o Putamen
o Nucleaus caudatus

VENTRIKELSYSTEEM

1. Plexus choroïdeus
o Hier productie van cerebrospinaal vocht door filtratie van bloed
o Kleurloos, lijkt op bloedplasma maar bevat  proteïnen,
 leukocyten en  chloor
2. Laterale ventrikel
3. Foramen van Monro = foramen interventriculare
o = verbinding tussen laterale en 3e ventrikel
e
4. 3 ventrikel
5. Aquaduct van Sylvius
o = verbinding tussen 3e en 4e ventrikel
6. 4e ventrikel
7. Foramen van Magendie en Lowischka
o = verbinding 4e ventrikel en cisterna magna
8. Cisterna magna
o = verbinden ventrikels met perifere liquorruimte rondom hersenen
9. Vocht gaat vanuit hier in 2 richtingen
o 1. Naar boven oiv van de druk van de veneuze plexus (meerderheid)
▪ Naar arachnoidale villi (granulationes arrachnoidales van pacchioni)
→ sinus sagitalis superior → perifere circulatie
o 2. Naar beneden oiv zwaartekracht (minderheid)
▪ Canalis centralis → rond ruggenmerg → tot cauda equina




4

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