Psy 290 final exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Which element of an experiment allows researchers to establish temporal precedence?
A.) Manipulation
B.) Comparison
C.) Measurement
D.) Control - CORRECT ANSWER -A
In order to measure the dependent variable of stress in an experiment, Dr. Ricks designs his own
questionnaire. The 25-item questionnaire is then give to participants in a high-stress job (firefighter). If
the researchers find that the Cronbach's alpha was .88 for the questionnaire, then they would have
established ____ for his dependent variable.
A.) internal validity
B.) test-retest reliability
C.) internal reliability
D.) interrater reliability - CORRECT ANSWER -c
A psychologist compares the effects of dialectical behavioral therapy. If psychiatric symptoms were
measured before the therapy began and participants were randomly assigned to receive DBT or CBT from
the same therapists, and then measured on psychiatric symptoms at the end of therapy, then this design
would be a(n):
A.) Independent groups posttest only experimental design
B.) Independent groups pretest/posttest experimental design
C.) Within groups experimental design
D.) Nonequivalent groups pretest posttest design - CORRECT ANSWER -b
The addition of a comparison group can address all of the following threats to internal validity EXCEPT:
A.) History
B.) Maturation
,C.) Regression
D.) Demand characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER -d
All of the following are true of ceiling and floor effects EXCEPT:
A.) They can be detected by manipulation checks
B.) They are only problematic in pretest/posttest designs
C.) They can be caused by poorly designed dependent variables
D.) They can be caused by poorly designed independent variables - CORRECT ANSWER -b
Which type of factorial design did Golden et al. (2006) use in Study 1?
A.) 2 x 2 combined independent groups
B.) 2 x 2 combined mixed
C.) 2 x 2 experimental independent groups
D.) 2 x 2 differential independent groups - CORRECT ANSWER -a
What are the results in Study 1?
A.) there was a main effect for gender, no main effect for harasser attractiveness, and no
interaction
B.) there was no main effect for gender, a main effect for harasser attractiveness, and no
interaction
C.) There was a main effect for gender, a main effect for harasser attractiveness, and an
interaction
D.) There was a main effect for gender, a main effect for harasser attractiveness, and no
interaction - CORRECT ANSWER -d
What type of research design did Mesch and Dalton (1992) use in Study 2?
A.) Independent groups pretest-posttest experimental design
B.) Nonequivalent groups pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design
, C.) Nonequivalent groups interrupted time-series quasi-experimental design
D.) Interrupted time-series quasi-experimental design - CORRECT ANSWER -c
Which criterion of causation can Mesch and Dalton (1992) not meet in Study 2?
A.) Covariance
B.) Temporal precedence
C.) Internal validity
D.) Mesch and Dalton cannot meet any of the three criteria for causation - CORRECT ANSWER -c
Replication-plus-extension can add which of the following?
A.) A measured variable
B.) A manipulated variable
C.) A conditional variable
D.) Both a and b - CORRECT ANSWER -d
What were the constructs and operational definitions for the IV and DV used in Study 3? - CORRECT
ANSWER -IV construct: Modeling of prosocial behavior
Operational definition: Dora the Explorer or Curious George (I couldn't make these studies up if I tried)
DV construct: Prosocial behavior
Operational definition: observations of playground interaction
Which type of experiment did the researchers use in Study 3? - CORRECT ANSWER -Independent
groups Posttest only
Can the researchers conclude that their study met the three criteria for causation in Study 3? Address each
criterion specifically and explain whether or not it was met and why. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Covariance was established. The researchers reported the mean difference (2.18), the confidence interval
95% CI[1.14, 3.22] without a 0 in it, used the correct statistical analysis (t), obtained statistical
significance (p < .05), and obtained a moderate effect size (d = .39) and the 95% CI for the effect size did
not contain a 0 (.15,.63). Temporal precedence was established because researchers manipulated the
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Which element of an experiment allows researchers to establish temporal precedence?
A.) Manipulation
B.) Comparison
C.) Measurement
D.) Control - CORRECT ANSWER -A
In order to measure the dependent variable of stress in an experiment, Dr. Ricks designs his own
questionnaire. The 25-item questionnaire is then give to participants in a high-stress job (firefighter). If
the researchers find that the Cronbach's alpha was .88 for the questionnaire, then they would have
established ____ for his dependent variable.
A.) internal validity
B.) test-retest reliability
C.) internal reliability
D.) interrater reliability - CORRECT ANSWER -c
A psychologist compares the effects of dialectical behavioral therapy. If psychiatric symptoms were
measured before the therapy began and participants were randomly assigned to receive DBT or CBT from
the same therapists, and then measured on psychiatric symptoms at the end of therapy, then this design
would be a(n):
A.) Independent groups posttest only experimental design
B.) Independent groups pretest/posttest experimental design
C.) Within groups experimental design
D.) Nonequivalent groups pretest posttest design - CORRECT ANSWER -b
The addition of a comparison group can address all of the following threats to internal validity EXCEPT:
A.) History
B.) Maturation
,C.) Regression
D.) Demand characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER -d
All of the following are true of ceiling and floor effects EXCEPT:
A.) They can be detected by manipulation checks
B.) They are only problematic in pretest/posttest designs
C.) They can be caused by poorly designed dependent variables
D.) They can be caused by poorly designed independent variables - CORRECT ANSWER -b
Which type of factorial design did Golden et al. (2006) use in Study 1?
A.) 2 x 2 combined independent groups
B.) 2 x 2 combined mixed
C.) 2 x 2 experimental independent groups
D.) 2 x 2 differential independent groups - CORRECT ANSWER -a
What are the results in Study 1?
A.) there was a main effect for gender, no main effect for harasser attractiveness, and no
interaction
B.) there was no main effect for gender, a main effect for harasser attractiveness, and no
interaction
C.) There was a main effect for gender, a main effect for harasser attractiveness, and an
interaction
D.) There was a main effect for gender, a main effect for harasser attractiveness, and no
interaction - CORRECT ANSWER -d
What type of research design did Mesch and Dalton (1992) use in Study 2?
A.) Independent groups pretest-posttest experimental design
B.) Nonequivalent groups pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design
, C.) Nonequivalent groups interrupted time-series quasi-experimental design
D.) Interrupted time-series quasi-experimental design - CORRECT ANSWER -c
Which criterion of causation can Mesch and Dalton (1992) not meet in Study 2?
A.) Covariance
B.) Temporal precedence
C.) Internal validity
D.) Mesch and Dalton cannot meet any of the three criteria for causation - CORRECT ANSWER -c
Replication-plus-extension can add which of the following?
A.) A measured variable
B.) A manipulated variable
C.) A conditional variable
D.) Both a and b - CORRECT ANSWER -d
What were the constructs and operational definitions for the IV and DV used in Study 3? - CORRECT
ANSWER -IV construct: Modeling of prosocial behavior
Operational definition: Dora the Explorer or Curious George (I couldn't make these studies up if I tried)
DV construct: Prosocial behavior
Operational definition: observations of playground interaction
Which type of experiment did the researchers use in Study 3? - CORRECT ANSWER -Independent
groups Posttest only
Can the researchers conclude that their study met the three criteria for causation in Study 3? Address each
criterion specifically and explain whether or not it was met and why. - CORRECT ANSWER -
Covariance was established. The researchers reported the mean difference (2.18), the confidence interval
95% CI[1.14, 3.22] without a 0 in it, used the correct statistical analysis (t), obtained statistical
significance (p < .05), and obtained a moderate effect size (d = .39) and the 95% CI for the effect size did
not contain a 0 (.15,.63). Temporal precedence was established because researchers manipulated the
