CORE FRAMEWORKS
Nursing Process
● Assessment → data (labs, vitals, symptoms)
● Diagnosis → priority problem
● Planning → measurable goals
● Implementation → interventions
● Evaluation → outcome met?
Priority Rules
● ABCs first
● Safety > everything
● Acute > chronic
● Unstable > stable
● Expected vs unexpected
INFECTION PREVENTION & IMMUNITY
Anatomy / Physiology
● Innate vs adaptive immunity
● Active (long-term) vs passive (temporary)
● Chain of infection:
○ Agent → reservoir → exit → transmission → entry → host
Disease Progression
● Incubation → prodromal → illness → convalescence
Clinical Signs
● Local: redness, warmth, swelling, drainage
● Systemic: fever, ↑WBC, fatigue, organ involvement
Isolation Precautions
● Standard → all patients
● Contact → gown + gloves
● Droplet → surgical mask
● Airborne → N95 + negative pressure
Nursing Considerations
● Hand hygiene = MOST important
● Break chain of infection
● Monitor WBC, temp trends
● Post-op wound monitoring
, High-Yield
● Clean vs sterile technique
● C. diff = soap + water (not sanitizer)
PATIENT SAFETY & QUALITY
Event Types
● Near miss
● Safety event
● Sentinel event
Safety Systems
● Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
● Incident reports (NOT charted)
Fall Risk
● Tools: BMAT, TUG, SPLATT
● Risk factors:
○ meds (sedatives, antihypertensives)
○ age, history
Interventions
● Bed low/locked
● Non-skid socks
● Bed alarms
● Frequent rounding
Fire Safety
● RACE (know order)
Restraints
● Last resort
● Time-limited order
● Must try alternatives first
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
Core Safety
● 10 rights (know ALL)
● 3 checks
● 2 identifiers
Order Types
● STAT, NOW, PRN, routine
Nursing Process
● Assessment → data (labs, vitals, symptoms)
● Diagnosis → priority problem
● Planning → measurable goals
● Implementation → interventions
● Evaluation → outcome met?
Priority Rules
● ABCs first
● Safety > everything
● Acute > chronic
● Unstable > stable
● Expected vs unexpected
INFECTION PREVENTION & IMMUNITY
Anatomy / Physiology
● Innate vs adaptive immunity
● Active (long-term) vs passive (temporary)
● Chain of infection:
○ Agent → reservoir → exit → transmission → entry → host
Disease Progression
● Incubation → prodromal → illness → convalescence
Clinical Signs
● Local: redness, warmth, swelling, drainage
● Systemic: fever, ↑WBC, fatigue, organ involvement
Isolation Precautions
● Standard → all patients
● Contact → gown + gloves
● Droplet → surgical mask
● Airborne → N95 + negative pressure
Nursing Considerations
● Hand hygiene = MOST important
● Break chain of infection
● Monitor WBC, temp trends
● Post-op wound monitoring
, High-Yield
● Clean vs sterile technique
● C. diff = soap + water (not sanitizer)
PATIENT SAFETY & QUALITY
Event Types
● Near miss
● Safety event
● Sentinel event
Safety Systems
● Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
● Incident reports (NOT charted)
Fall Risk
● Tools: BMAT, TUG, SPLATT
● Risk factors:
○ meds (sedatives, antihypertensives)
○ age, history
Interventions
● Bed low/locked
● Non-skid socks
● Bed alarms
● Frequent rounding
Fire Safety
● RACE (know order)
Restraints
● Last resort
● Time-limited order
● Must try alternatives first
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
Core Safety
● 10 rights (know ALL)
● 3 checks
● 2 identifiers
Order Types
● STAT, NOW, PRN, routine
