,EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2026 | COMPLETE
STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & DETAILED SOLUTIONS | LATEST UPLOAD
(A+ GRADE
EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2026 Q
Practice Questions with Answers & Rationales (1–20)
1. Which layer of the Earth is composed mainly of iron and nickel?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C.ANS>> Core
D. Lithosphere
Rationale: The core (inner + outer) is primarily made of iron and nickel, responsible for Earth’s
magnetic field.
, 2. What process drives the movement of tectonic plates?
A. Solar radiation
B.ANS>> Mantle convection currents
C. Gravity waves
D. Ocean tides
Rationale: Heat from Earth’s interior causes convection currents in the mantle, which move
tectonic plates.
3. Which type of rock forms from cooled magma or lava?
A. Sedimentary
B.ANS>> Igneous
C. Metamorphic
D. Fossil
Rationale: Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and solidifies.
4. What is the primary cause of earthquakes?
A. Volcanic eruptions
B. Ocean currents
C.ANS>> Sudden release of energy along faults
D. Wind erosion
Rationale: Earthquakes occur when stress builds up and is suddenly released along tectonic
faults.
5. Which gas is the most abundant in Earth’s atmosphere?
A. Oxygen
B.ANS>> Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Argon
Rationale: Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere.
STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & DETAILED SOLUTIONS | LATEST UPLOAD
(A+ GRADE
EARTH & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2026 Q
Practice Questions with Answers & Rationales (1–20)
1. Which layer of the Earth is composed mainly of iron and nickel?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C.ANS>> Core
D. Lithosphere
Rationale: The core (inner + outer) is primarily made of iron and nickel, responsible for Earth’s
magnetic field.
, 2. What process drives the movement of tectonic plates?
A. Solar radiation
B.ANS>> Mantle convection currents
C. Gravity waves
D. Ocean tides
Rationale: Heat from Earth’s interior causes convection currents in the mantle, which move
tectonic plates.
3. Which type of rock forms from cooled magma or lava?
A. Sedimentary
B.ANS>> Igneous
C. Metamorphic
D. Fossil
Rationale: Igneous rocks form when molten rock cools and solidifies.
4. What is the primary cause of earthquakes?
A. Volcanic eruptions
B. Ocean currents
C.ANS>> Sudden release of energy along faults
D. Wind erosion
Rationale: Earthquakes occur when stress builds up and is suddenly released along tectonic
faults.
5. Which gas is the most abundant in Earth’s atmosphere?
A. Oxygen
B.ANS>> Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Argon
Rationale: Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere.
