ATI PEDIATRICS PROCTORED EXAM 2023 RETAKE 200 Practice
Questions & Detailed Answers
1. A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a 2-year-old child who was found by his parents
crying and holding a container of toilet bowl cleaner. The child's lips are edematous and inflamed, and
he is drooling. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?
A) Remove the child's contaminated clothing
B) Check the child's respiratory status
C) Administer an antidote to the child
D) Establish IV access for the child
Correct Answer: B) Check the child's respiratory status.
Explanation: When applying the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) priority setting framework, airway
is always the highest priority because the airway must be clear and open for oxygen exchange to occur.
Edematous, inflamed lips and drooling indicate potential airway compromise from caustic ingestion.
Breathing is the second highest priority.
2. A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant about food allergens. Which of the following foods should
the nurse include as being the most common food allergy in children?
A) Cow's milk
B) Wheat bread
C) Corn syrup
D) Eggs
Correct Answer: A) Cow's milk.
Explanation: According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should instruct the parent that cow's milk
is the most common food allergy in children. Some children are sensitive to the protein called casein
found in cow's milk and have difficulty metabolizing it.
,3. A nurse is teaching the parent of a toddler about home safety. Which of the following statements by
the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A) "I lock my medications in the medicine cabinet."
B) "I keep my child's crib mattress at the highest level."
C) "I turn pot handles to the side of my stove while cooking."
D) "I will give my child syrup of ipecac if she swallows something poisonous."
Correct Answer: A) "I lock my medications in the medicine cabinet."
Explanation: Locking up medications and other potential poisons prevents access. Toddlers have
improved gross and fine motor skills that allow for further exploration and possible access to hazardous
substances. The crib mattress should be at the lowest level, pot handles should be turned to the back,
and syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended.
4. A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following reflexes
should the nurse expect to find?
A) Stepping
B) Babinski
C) Extrusion
D) Moro
Correct Answer: B) Babinski.
Explanation: The Babinski reflex (toes fan upward when sole is stroked) normally disappears after 1 year
of age, so it should still be present at 6 months. Stepping reflex disappears at 4 weeks, Moro at 3-4
months, and extrusion at 4 months.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer an immunization to a 4-year-old child. Which of the following
actions should the nurse plan to take?
A) Place the child in a prone position for the immunization
B) Request that the child's caregiver leave the room during the immunization
,C) Administer the immunization using a 24-gauge needle
D) Inject the immunization slowly after aspirating for 3 seconds
Correct Answer: C) Administer the immunization using a 24-gauge needle.
Explanation: The nurse should administer an immunization for a 4-year-old child using a 24-gauge
needle to minimize the amount of pain experienced by the child. The child should be in an upright sitting
position, caregiver should remain present, and injection should be rapid without aspiration.
6. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an infant who is receiving treatment for severe
dehydration. The nurse should identify which of the following laboratory values indicates effectiveness
of the current treatment?
A) Potassium 2.9 mEq/L
B) Sodium 140 mEq/L
C) Urine specific gravity 1.035
D) BUN 25 mg/dL
Correct Answer: B) Sodium 140 mEq/L.
Explanation: A sodium level of 140 mEq/L is within the expected reference range and indicates the
current treatment regimen for dehydration is effective. Potassium 2.9 is low, urine specific gravity 1.035
indicates concentrated urine (dehydration), and BUN 25 is elevated (dehydration).
7. The nurse is providing teaching about social development to the parents of a preschooler. Which of
the following play activities should the nurse recommend for the child?
A) Play pat-a-cake
B) Using a push-pull toy
C) Creating a scrapbook
D) Playing dress-up
Correct Answer: D) Playing dress-up.
, Explanation: At the preschool age, play should focus on social, mental, and physical development.
Playing dress-up is a recommended play activity that encourages imagination and social interaction. Pat-
a-cake is for infants, push-pull toys for toddlers, and scrapbooks for school-age children.
8. A nurse is teaching the parents of a newborn about ways to prevent sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A) Place the infant in a prone position to sleep
B) Allow the infant to sleep on a large pillow
C) Use a soft mattress in the infant's crib
D) Give the infant a pacifier at bedtime
Correct Answer: D) Give the infant a pacifier at bedtime.
Explanation: Protective factors against SIDS include breastfeeding and the use of a pacifier when the
infant is sleeping. The infant should be placed in a supine position on a firm mattress without pillows or
soft bedding.
9. A nurse is assessing an infant who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings is the priority for
the nurse to report to the provider?
A) Nasal flaring
B) WBC 11,300/mm³
C) Diarrhea
D) Abdominal distension
Correct Answer: A) Nasal flaring.
Explanation: Using the ABC approach to client care, nasal flaring indicates the infant is experiencing
acute respiratory distress and requires immediate intervention. Nasal flaring is a sign of increased work
of breathing.
Questions & Detailed Answers
1. A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a 2-year-old child who was found by his parents
crying and holding a container of toilet bowl cleaner. The child's lips are edematous and inflamed, and
he is drooling. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?
A) Remove the child's contaminated clothing
B) Check the child's respiratory status
C) Administer an antidote to the child
D) Establish IV access for the child
Correct Answer: B) Check the child's respiratory status.
Explanation: When applying the ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) priority setting framework, airway
is always the highest priority because the airway must be clear and open for oxygen exchange to occur.
Edematous, inflamed lips and drooling indicate potential airway compromise from caustic ingestion.
Breathing is the second highest priority.
2. A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant about food allergens. Which of the following foods should
the nurse include as being the most common food allergy in children?
A) Cow's milk
B) Wheat bread
C) Corn syrup
D) Eggs
Correct Answer: A) Cow's milk.
Explanation: According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should instruct the parent that cow's milk
is the most common food allergy in children. Some children are sensitive to the protein called casein
found in cow's milk and have difficulty metabolizing it.
,3. A nurse is teaching the parent of a toddler about home safety. Which of the following statements by
the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A) "I lock my medications in the medicine cabinet."
B) "I keep my child's crib mattress at the highest level."
C) "I turn pot handles to the side of my stove while cooking."
D) "I will give my child syrup of ipecac if she swallows something poisonous."
Correct Answer: A) "I lock my medications in the medicine cabinet."
Explanation: Locking up medications and other potential poisons prevents access. Toddlers have
improved gross and fine motor skills that allow for further exploration and possible access to hazardous
substances. The crib mattress should be at the lowest level, pot handles should be turned to the back,
and syrup of ipecac is no longer recommended.
4. A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following reflexes
should the nurse expect to find?
A) Stepping
B) Babinski
C) Extrusion
D) Moro
Correct Answer: B) Babinski.
Explanation: The Babinski reflex (toes fan upward when sole is stroked) normally disappears after 1 year
of age, so it should still be present at 6 months. Stepping reflex disappears at 4 weeks, Moro at 3-4
months, and extrusion at 4 months.
5. A nurse is preparing to administer an immunization to a 4-year-old child. Which of the following
actions should the nurse plan to take?
A) Place the child in a prone position for the immunization
B) Request that the child's caregiver leave the room during the immunization
,C) Administer the immunization using a 24-gauge needle
D) Inject the immunization slowly after aspirating for 3 seconds
Correct Answer: C) Administer the immunization using a 24-gauge needle.
Explanation: The nurse should administer an immunization for a 4-year-old child using a 24-gauge
needle to minimize the amount of pain experienced by the child. The child should be in an upright sitting
position, caregiver should remain present, and injection should be rapid without aspiration.
6. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an infant who is receiving treatment for severe
dehydration. The nurse should identify which of the following laboratory values indicates effectiveness
of the current treatment?
A) Potassium 2.9 mEq/L
B) Sodium 140 mEq/L
C) Urine specific gravity 1.035
D) BUN 25 mg/dL
Correct Answer: B) Sodium 140 mEq/L.
Explanation: A sodium level of 140 mEq/L is within the expected reference range and indicates the
current treatment regimen for dehydration is effective. Potassium 2.9 is low, urine specific gravity 1.035
indicates concentrated urine (dehydration), and BUN 25 is elevated (dehydration).
7. The nurse is providing teaching about social development to the parents of a preschooler. Which of
the following play activities should the nurse recommend for the child?
A) Play pat-a-cake
B) Using a push-pull toy
C) Creating a scrapbook
D) Playing dress-up
Correct Answer: D) Playing dress-up.
, Explanation: At the preschool age, play should focus on social, mental, and physical development.
Playing dress-up is a recommended play activity that encourages imagination and social interaction. Pat-
a-cake is for infants, push-pull toys for toddlers, and scrapbooks for school-age children.
8. A nurse is teaching the parents of a newborn about ways to prevent sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
A) Place the infant in a prone position to sleep
B) Allow the infant to sleep on a large pillow
C) Use a soft mattress in the infant's crib
D) Give the infant a pacifier at bedtime
Correct Answer: D) Give the infant a pacifier at bedtime.
Explanation: Protective factors against SIDS include breastfeeding and the use of a pacifier when the
infant is sleeping. The infant should be placed in a supine position on a firm mattress without pillows or
soft bedding.
9. A nurse is assessing an infant who has pneumonia. Which of the following findings is the priority for
the nurse to report to the provider?
A) Nasal flaring
B) WBC 11,300/mm³
C) Diarrhea
D) Abdominal distension
Correct Answer: A) Nasal flaring.
Explanation: Using the ABC approach to client care, nasal flaring indicates the infant is experiencing
acute respiratory distress and requires immediate intervention. Nasal flaring is a sign of increased work
of breathing.
