Final exam cognitive psychology UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
what are the two pillars of the gestalt problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER -insight and non-
insight
give a description of non-insight problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER -when you are aware you
are getting close to solving a problem
give a description of insight problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER -you are not aware you are
close to solving until it is solved
Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Insight: triangle problem, chain problem
- Noninsight: algebra
- Warmth judgments every 15 seconds
- Insight problems solved suddenly
- Noninsight problems solved gradually
functional fixedness - CORRECT ANSWER -the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its
most common use (candle box)
the candle matchbox problem shows us what - CORRECT ANSWER -our top-down processing
removes the box which hinders us to solve the puzzle.
2 string problem - CORRECT ANSWER -overcome functional fixedness- tendency to represent an
object only in terms of its usual function
mental set - CORRECT ANSWER -a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a
way that has been successful in the past
, Kaplan and Simons mutilated checkerboard - CORRECT ANSWER -bread and butter checkers
worked
what are the obstacles to problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER -mental set and functional
fixedness
what is inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER -reasoning based on patterns you observe
What is a heuristic? - CORRECT ANSWER -mental shortcut, we use past experiences as a guide to
reduce our problems
availability heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER -making a decision based on the answer that most
easily comes to mind
representativeness heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER -estimating the likelihood of events in terms of
how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant
information
What is anchoring bias? - CORRECT ANSWER -A tendency to fixate on initial information and
fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information
what is an illusory correlation - CORRECT ANSWER -The perception of a relationship between
two variables when no such relationship exists.
how are stereotypes maintained - CORRECT ANSWER -•Attributions
•Sub-typing
•Confirmation biases
•Self-fulfilling prophecies
•Media Exposure
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
what are the two pillars of the gestalt problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER -insight and non-
insight
give a description of non-insight problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER -when you are aware you
are getting close to solving a problem
give a description of insight problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER -you are not aware you are
close to solving until it is solved
Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Insight: triangle problem, chain problem
- Noninsight: algebra
- Warmth judgments every 15 seconds
- Insight problems solved suddenly
- Noninsight problems solved gradually
functional fixedness - CORRECT ANSWER -the tendency to perceive an item only in terms of its
most common use (candle box)
the candle matchbox problem shows us what - CORRECT ANSWER -our top-down processing
removes the box which hinders us to solve the puzzle.
2 string problem - CORRECT ANSWER -overcome functional fixedness- tendency to represent an
object only in terms of its usual function
mental set - CORRECT ANSWER -a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a
way that has been successful in the past
, Kaplan and Simons mutilated checkerboard - CORRECT ANSWER -bread and butter checkers
worked
what are the obstacles to problem solving - CORRECT ANSWER -mental set and functional
fixedness
what is inductive reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER -reasoning based on patterns you observe
What is a heuristic? - CORRECT ANSWER -mental shortcut, we use past experiences as a guide to
reduce our problems
availability heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER -making a decision based on the answer that most
easily comes to mind
representativeness heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER -estimating the likelihood of events in terms of
how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant
information
What is anchoring bias? - CORRECT ANSWER -A tendency to fixate on initial information and
fail to adequately adjust for subsequent information
what is an illusory correlation - CORRECT ANSWER -The perception of a relationship between
two variables when no such relationship exists.
how are stereotypes maintained - CORRECT ANSWER -•Attributions
•Sub-typing
•Confirmation biases
•Self-fulfilling prophecies
•Media Exposure
