NWTC Anatomy and Physiology Functions Lab Exam 3 – Study Guide and Practical Exam
Review Material
Uvula - ✔✔Protects the nasopharynx during swallowing
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx - ✔✔Passageway for food from the mouth to the esophagus
Esophagus - ✔✔Passageway for food to the stomach
Gastroesophageal (inferior esophageal) sphincter - ✔✔Prevents reflux of stomach acid
Stomach - ✔✔Mixes food with HCL and digestive enzymes to form chyme
Pyloric sphincter - ✔✔Controls the entry of chyme into the duodenum
Greater omentum - ✔✔Secures the stomach to the abdominal wall and to other organs
Small intestines - ✔✔Completes chemical digestion; absorption of food molecules
Circular folds - ✔✔Slow movement of chyme through the small intestine to increase time for
absorption
Villi - ✔✔Absorb food molecules and allow them to enter a blood capillary or lacteal
Ileocecal valve - ✔✔Controls entry of waste into the large intestine
Teniae coli - ✔✔3 bands of smooth muscle that pucker the large intestine creating haustra
, Haustra - ✔✔Contract slowly to allow time for water absorption and to move waste to the
next haustrum
Vermiform appendix - ✔✔Fights infection
Mesentery - ✔✔Secures the small intestine
Liver - ✔✔Produces bile, detoxifies blood, stores glycogen and fat-soluble vitamins
Falciform ligament - ✔✔Attaches the liver to the diaphragm and abdominal wall
Gall bladder - ✔✔Stores bile
Common hepatic duct - ✔✔Transports bile away from the liver and into the bile duct
Cystic duct - ✔✔Transports bile to and from the fall bladder
Bile duct - ✔✔Transports bile to the duodenum
Pancreas - ✔✔Produces digestive enzymes, hormones and pancreatic juice
Main pancreatic duct - ✔✔Transports pancreatic juice and digestive enzymes to the
duodenum
Hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphincter - ✔✔Control the entry of bile, digestive enzymes and
pancreatic juice into the duodenum
Review Material
Uvula - ✔✔Protects the nasopharynx during swallowing
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx - ✔✔Passageway for food from the mouth to the esophagus
Esophagus - ✔✔Passageway for food to the stomach
Gastroesophageal (inferior esophageal) sphincter - ✔✔Prevents reflux of stomach acid
Stomach - ✔✔Mixes food with HCL and digestive enzymes to form chyme
Pyloric sphincter - ✔✔Controls the entry of chyme into the duodenum
Greater omentum - ✔✔Secures the stomach to the abdominal wall and to other organs
Small intestines - ✔✔Completes chemical digestion; absorption of food molecules
Circular folds - ✔✔Slow movement of chyme through the small intestine to increase time for
absorption
Villi - ✔✔Absorb food molecules and allow them to enter a blood capillary or lacteal
Ileocecal valve - ✔✔Controls entry of waste into the large intestine
Teniae coli - ✔✔3 bands of smooth muscle that pucker the large intestine creating haustra
, Haustra - ✔✔Contract slowly to allow time for water absorption and to move waste to the
next haustrum
Vermiform appendix - ✔✔Fights infection
Mesentery - ✔✔Secures the small intestine
Liver - ✔✔Produces bile, detoxifies blood, stores glycogen and fat-soluble vitamins
Falciform ligament - ✔✔Attaches the liver to the diaphragm and abdominal wall
Gall bladder - ✔✔Stores bile
Common hepatic duct - ✔✔Transports bile away from the liver and into the bile duct
Cystic duct - ✔✔Transports bile to and from the fall bladder
Bile duct - ✔✔Transports bile to the duodenum
Pancreas - ✔✔Produces digestive enzymes, hormones and pancreatic juice
Main pancreatic duct - ✔✔Transports pancreatic juice and digestive enzymes to the
duodenum
Hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphincter - ✔✔Control the entry of bile, digestive enzymes and
pancreatic juice into the duodenum
