MEDS 580 Final Exam – Comprehensive Question Bank (200
MCQ)
1. A 60-year-old patient reports sudden chest pain radiating to the left arm, sweating, and nausea. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- B. Panic attack
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Pneumonia
Answer: C – These are classic symptoms of acute coronary syndrome, and urgent evaluation is required.
2. Which of the following drugs is an example of a beta-blocker?
- A. Lisinopril
- B. Metoprolol
- C. Amlodipine
- D. Furosemide
Answer: B – Metoprolol selectively blocks β1 receptors.
3. In epidemiology, which measure describes the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a
population over a specific time period?
- A. Prevalence
- B. Incidence
- C. Mortality rate
- D. Case fatality rate
Answer: B – Incidence counts new cases, while prevalence includes all existing cases at a time.
,4. A study yields a p-value of 0.03. Using α = 0.05, what can you conclude?
- A. The null hypothesis is definitely true
- B. There is a 3% chance the results are random
- C. The result is statistically significant
- D. The study is invalid
Answer: C – A p‑value ≤ 0.05 indicates that the null hypothesis is unlikely, and the result is considered
statistically significant at the chosen alpha level.
5. A patient of sound mind refuses a life-saving blood transfusion on religious grounds. Which ethical
principle is being exercised?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Non‑maleficence
- C. Autonomy
- D. Justice
Answer: C – Autonomy respects the patient’s right to make decisions about their own medical care,
even if those decisions are not in their best medical interest.
6. The primary pathophysiological defect in Type 1 Diabetes is:
- A. Insulin resistance
- B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- C. Excess glucagon production
- D. Obesity‑related inflammation
Answer: B – Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that targets the insulin‑producing beta cells of
the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
7. Which pathogen is most commonly associated with tuberculosis?
- A. Streptococcus pyogenes
,- B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- C. Klebsiella pneumoniae
- D. Haemophilus influenzae
Answer: B – Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
8. A 75-year-old patient with chronic hypertension presents with worsening breathlessness, bilateral
ankle swelling, and fatigue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Asthma exacerbation
- B. Congestive heart failure
- C. Pneumothorax
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: B – The presence of both dyspnea and signs of fluid overload (edema) points to heart failure,
often in the context of longstanding hypertension.
9. Which medication class is considered first‑line for stable angina?
- A. ACE inhibitors
- B. Beta‑blockers
- C. Diuretics
- D. Nitrates
Answer: B – Beta‑blockers decrease myocardial oxygen demand and are first‑line for stable angina.
10. What does the term “primary prevention” refer to in public health?
- A. Screening for early disease detection
- B. Reducing disease incidence by preventing onset
- C. Managing established disease to prevent complications
- D. Rehabilitation after illness
, Answer: B – Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs (e.g., vaccination,
health education).
11. Which finding is characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
- A. Elevated serum bicarbonate
- B. pH > 7.45
- C. Presence of ketones in blood and urine
- D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: C – DKA is defined by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis, with ketones present in
blood and urine.
12. The “one‑way ANOVA” statistical test is designed to:
- A. Compare the means of two independent groups
- B. Compare the means of three or more independent groups
- C. Assess the association between two categorical variables
- D. Measure the strength of a linear relationship between two continuous variables
Answer: B – One‑way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to test whether the means of ≥ 3
independent groups are equal.
13. What is the most common travel‑related illness reported in international travellers?
- A. Malaria
- B. Dengue fever
- C. Traveler’s diarrhea
- D. Hepatitis A
Answer: C – Traveler’s diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers, particularly those visiting
low‑ and middle‑income regions.
MCQ)
1. A 60-year-old patient reports sudden chest pain radiating to the left arm, sweating, and nausea. What
is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- B. Panic attack
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Pneumonia
Answer: C – These are classic symptoms of acute coronary syndrome, and urgent evaluation is required.
2. Which of the following drugs is an example of a beta-blocker?
- A. Lisinopril
- B. Metoprolol
- C. Amlodipine
- D. Furosemide
Answer: B – Metoprolol selectively blocks β1 receptors.
3. In epidemiology, which measure describes the number of new cases of a disease occurring in a
population over a specific time period?
- A. Prevalence
- B. Incidence
- C. Mortality rate
- D. Case fatality rate
Answer: B – Incidence counts new cases, while prevalence includes all existing cases at a time.
,4. A study yields a p-value of 0.03. Using α = 0.05, what can you conclude?
- A. The null hypothesis is definitely true
- B. There is a 3% chance the results are random
- C. The result is statistically significant
- D. The study is invalid
Answer: C – A p‑value ≤ 0.05 indicates that the null hypothesis is unlikely, and the result is considered
statistically significant at the chosen alpha level.
5. A patient of sound mind refuses a life-saving blood transfusion on religious grounds. Which ethical
principle is being exercised?
- A. Beneficence
- B. Non‑maleficence
- C. Autonomy
- D. Justice
Answer: C – Autonomy respects the patient’s right to make decisions about their own medical care,
even if those decisions are not in their best medical interest.
6. The primary pathophysiological defect in Type 1 Diabetes is:
- A. Insulin resistance
- B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- C. Excess glucagon production
- D. Obesity‑related inflammation
Answer: B – Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that targets the insulin‑producing beta cells of
the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
7. Which pathogen is most commonly associated with tuberculosis?
- A. Streptococcus pyogenes
,- B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- C. Klebsiella pneumoniae
- D. Haemophilus influenzae
Answer: B – Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
8. A 75-year-old patient with chronic hypertension presents with worsening breathlessness, bilateral
ankle swelling, and fatigue. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Asthma exacerbation
- B. Congestive heart failure
- C. Pneumothorax
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: B – The presence of both dyspnea and signs of fluid overload (edema) points to heart failure,
often in the context of longstanding hypertension.
9. Which medication class is considered first‑line for stable angina?
- A. ACE inhibitors
- B. Beta‑blockers
- C. Diuretics
- D. Nitrates
Answer: B – Beta‑blockers decrease myocardial oxygen demand and are first‑line for stable angina.
10. What does the term “primary prevention” refer to in public health?
- A. Screening for early disease detection
- B. Reducing disease incidence by preventing onset
- C. Managing established disease to prevent complications
- D. Rehabilitation after illness
, Answer: B – Primary prevention aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs (e.g., vaccination,
health education).
11. Which finding is characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
- A. Elevated serum bicarbonate
- B. pH > 7.45
- C. Presence of ketones in blood and urine
- D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: C – DKA is defined by hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis, with ketones present in
blood and urine.
12. The “one‑way ANOVA” statistical test is designed to:
- A. Compare the means of two independent groups
- B. Compare the means of three or more independent groups
- C. Assess the association between two categorical variables
- D. Measure the strength of a linear relationship between two continuous variables
Answer: B – One‑way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to test whether the means of ≥ 3
independent groups are equal.
13. What is the most common travel‑related illness reported in international travellers?
- A. Malaria
- B. Dengue fever
- C. Traveler’s diarrhea
- D. Hepatitis A
Answer: C – Traveler’s diarrhea is the most common illness affecting travellers, particularly those visiting
low‑ and middle‑income regions.
