TEST BANK FOR Advanced Assessment Interpreting
Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses
4th Edition Goolsby Chapters 1 - 22 | Complete
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
➢ Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision Making: An Overview
➢ Chapter 2. Genomic Assessment: Interpreting Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses
➢ Chapter 3. Skin
➢ Chapter 4. Head, Face, and Neck
➢ Chapter 5. The Eye
➢ Chapter 6. Ear, Nose, Mouth, and Throat
➢ Chapter 7. Cardiac and Peripheral Vascular Systems
➢ Chapter 8. Respiratory System
➢ Chapter 9. Breasts
➢ Chapter 10. Abdomen
➢ Chapter 11. Genitourinary System
➢ Chapter 12. Male Reproductive System
➢ Chapter 13. Female Reproductive System
➢ Chapter 14. Musculoskeletal System
➢ Chapter 15. Neurological System
➢ Chapter 16. Nonspecific Complaints
➢ Chapter 17. Psychiatric Mental Health
➢ Chapter 18. Pediatric Patients
➢ Chapter 19. Pregnant Patients
➢ Chapter 20. Assessment of the Transgender or Gender Diverse Adult
➢ Chapter 21. Older Patients
➢ Chapter 22. Persons With Disabilities
, ➢ Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision Making: An Overview
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings
5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
D. Published meta-analyses
6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based research
D. All of the above
7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above
8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling
to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or patients?
A. Clinical practice guideline
B. Clinical decision rule
C. Clinical algorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
Answer Section
, MULTIPLE pCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry p(2009) pdescribes ptwo pmajor ptypes pof pclinical pdiagnostic pdecision-making: pintuitive pand panalytical. pIntuitive
pdecision- pmaking p(similar pto pAugenblink pdecision-making) pis pbased pon pthe pexperience pand pintuition pof pthe pclinician pand pis
pless preliable pandppaired pwith pfairly pcommon perrors. pIn pcontrast, panalytical pdecision-making pis pbased pon pcareful pconsideration
pand phas pgreater preliability pwith prare perrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To pobtain padequate phistory, pproviders pmust pbe pwell porganized, pattentive pto pthe ppatient’s pverbal pand pnonverbal planguage, pand
pablepto paccurately pinterpret pthe ppatient’s presponses pto pquestions. pRather pthan preading pinto pthe ppatient’s pstatements, pthey
pclarify pany pareas pof puncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital psigns pare ppart pof pthe pphysical pexamination pportion pof ppatient passessment, pnot ppart pof pthe phealth phistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While pperforming pthe pphysical pexamination, pthe pexaminer pmust pbe pable pto pdifferentiate pbetween pnormal pand pabnormal
pfindings, precall pknowledge pof pa prange pof pconditions, pincluding ptheir passociated psigns pand psymptoms, precognize phow pcertain
pconditions paffectpthe presponse pto pother pconditions, pand pdistinguish pthe prelevance pof pvaried pabnormal p findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources pfor pdiagnostic pstatistics pinclude ptextbooks, pprimary preports pof presearch, pand ppublished pmeta-analyses. pAnother psource
pofp
statistics, pthe pone pthat phas pbeen pmost pwidelypused pand pavailable pfor papplication pto pthe preasoning pprocess, pis pthe pestimation
pbased ponpa pprovider’s pexperience, palthough pthese pare prarely paccurate. pOver pthe ppast pdecade, pthe pavailability pof pevidence pon
pwhich pto pbase pclinical preasoning pis pimproving, p and pthere pis pan pincreasing pexpectation pthat pclinical preasoning pbe pbased pon
pscientific pevidence.
Evidence-based pstatistics pare palso pincreasingly pbeing pused pto pdevelop presources pto pfacilitate pclinical pdecision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To passist pin pclinical pdecision-making, pa pnumber pof pevidence-based presources phave pbeen pdeveloped pto passist pthe
pclinician.pResources, psuch pas palgorithms pand pclinical ppractice pguidelines, passist pin pclinical preasoning pwhen pproperly
papplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The psensitivity pof pa pdiagnostic pstudy pis pthe ppercentage pof pindividuals pwith pthe ptarget pcondition pwho pshow pan pabnormal, por
ppositive,p
result. pAphigh psensitivity pindicates pthat pa pgreater ppercentage pof ppersons pwith pthe pgiven pcondition pwill phave pan pabnormal
presult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The pspecificity pof pa pdiagnostic pstudy pis pthe ppercentage pof pnormal, phealthy pindividuals pwho phave pa pnormal presult. pThe
pgreater pthepspecificity, pthe pgreater pthe ppercentage pof pindividuals pwho pwill phave pnegative, por pnormal, presults pif pthey pdo pnot
phave pthe ptarget pcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The plikelihood pratio pis pthe pprobability pthat pa ppositive ptest presult pwill pbe passociated pwith pa pperson pwho phas pthe ptarget pcondition
pand pap
negative presult pwill pbe passociated pwith pa phealthy pperson. pA plikelihood pratio pabove p1 pindicates pthat pa ppositive presult pis
passociated pwith pthe pdisease; pa plikelihood pratio pless pthan p1 pindicates pthat pa pnegative presult pis passociated pwith pan pabsence pof pthe
pdisease.
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical pdecision p(or pprediction) prules pprovide panother psupport pfor pclinical preasoning. pClinical pdecision prules pare pevidence-
basedpresources pthat pprovide pprobabilistic pstatements pregarding pthe plikelihood pthat pa pcondition pexists pif pcertain pvariables pare
pmet pwith pregard pto pthe pprognosis pof ppatients pwith pspecific pfindings. pDecision prules puse pmathematical pmodels pand pare
pspecific pto pcertain psituations, psettings, pand/or ppatient pcharacteristics.
PTS: 1
Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses
4th Edition Goolsby Chapters 1 - 22 | Complete
, TABLE OF CONTENTS
➢ Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision Making: An Overview
➢ Chapter 2. Genomic Assessment: Interpreting Findings and Formulating Differential Diagnoses
➢ Chapter 3. Skin
➢ Chapter 4. Head, Face, and Neck
➢ Chapter 5. The Eye
➢ Chapter 6. Ear, Nose, Mouth, and Throat
➢ Chapter 7. Cardiac and Peripheral Vascular Systems
➢ Chapter 8. Respiratory System
➢ Chapter 9. Breasts
➢ Chapter 10. Abdomen
➢ Chapter 11. Genitourinary System
➢ Chapter 12. Male Reproductive System
➢ Chapter 13. Female Reproductive System
➢ Chapter 14. Musculoskeletal System
➢ Chapter 15. Neurological System
➢ Chapter 16. Nonspecific Complaints
➢ Chapter 17. Psychiatric Mental Health
➢ Chapter 18. Pediatric Patients
➢ Chapter 19. Pregnant Patients
➢ Chapter 20. Assessment of the Transgender or Gender Diverse Adult
➢ Chapter 21. Older Patients
➢ Chapter 22. Persons With Disabilities
, ➢ Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision Making: An Overview
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings
5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
D. Published meta-analyses
6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based research
D. All of the above
7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
D. None of the above
8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling
to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or patients?
A. Clinical practice guideline
B. Clinical decision rule
C. Clinical algorithm
Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
Answer Section
, MULTIPLE pCHOICE
1. ANS: B
Croskerry p(2009) pdescribes ptwo pmajor ptypes pof pclinical pdiagnostic pdecision-making: pintuitive pand panalytical. pIntuitive
pdecision- pmaking p(similar pto pAugenblink pdecision-making) pis pbased pon pthe pexperience pand pintuition pof pthe pclinician pand pis
pless preliable pandppaired pwith pfairly pcommon perrors. pIn pcontrast, panalytical pdecision-making pis pbased pon pcareful pconsideration
pand phas pgreater preliability pwith prare perrors.
PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To pobtain padequate phistory, pproviders pmust pbe pwell porganized, pattentive pto pthe ppatient’s pverbal pand pnonverbal planguage, pand
pablepto paccurately pinterpret pthe ppatient’s presponses pto pquestions. pRather pthan preading pinto pthe ppatient’s pstatements, pthey
pclarify pany pareas pof puncertainty.
PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital psigns pare ppart pof pthe pphysical pexamination pportion pof ppatient passessment, pnot ppart pof pthe phealth phistory.
PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While pperforming pthe pphysical pexamination, pthe pexaminer pmust pbe pable pto pdifferentiate pbetween pnormal pand pabnormal
pfindings, precall pknowledge pof pa prange pof pconditions, pincluding ptheir passociated psigns pand psymptoms, precognize phow pcertain
pconditions paffectpthe presponse pto pother pconditions, pand pdistinguish pthe prelevance pof pvaried pabnormal p findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources pfor pdiagnostic pstatistics pinclude ptextbooks, pprimary preports pof presearch, pand ppublished pmeta-analyses. pAnother psource
pofp
statistics, pthe pone pthat phas pbeen pmost pwidelypused pand pavailable pfor papplication pto pthe preasoning pprocess, pis pthe pestimation
pbased ponpa pprovider’s pexperience, palthough pthese pare prarely paccurate. pOver pthe ppast pdecade, pthe pavailability pof pevidence pon
pwhich pto pbase pclinical preasoning pis pimproving, p and pthere pis pan pincreasing pexpectation pthat pclinical preasoning pbe pbased pon
pscientific pevidence.
Evidence-based pstatistics pare palso pincreasingly pbeing pused pto pdevelop presources pto pfacilitate pclinical pdecision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To passist pin pclinical pdecision-making, pa pnumber pof pevidence-based presources phave pbeen pdeveloped pto passist pthe
pclinician.pResources, psuch pas palgorithms pand pclinical ppractice pguidelines, passist pin pclinical preasoning pwhen pproperly
papplied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The psensitivity pof pa pdiagnostic pstudy pis pthe ppercentage pof pindividuals pwith pthe ptarget pcondition pwho pshow pan pabnormal, por
ppositive,p
result. pAphigh psensitivity pindicates pthat pa pgreater ppercentage pof ppersons pwith pthe pgiven pcondition pwill phave pan pabnormal
presult.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The pspecificity pof pa pdiagnostic pstudy pis pthe ppercentage pof pnormal, phealthy pindividuals pwho phave pa pnormal presult. pThe
pgreater pthepspecificity, pthe pgreater pthe ppercentage pof pindividuals pwho pwill phave pnegative, por pnormal, presults pif pthey pdo pnot
phave pthe ptarget pcondition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The plikelihood pratio pis pthe pprobability pthat pa ppositive ptest presult pwill pbe passociated pwith pa pperson pwho phas pthe ptarget pcondition
pand pap
negative presult pwill pbe passociated pwith pa phealthy pperson. pA plikelihood pratio pabove p1 pindicates pthat pa ppositive presult pis
passociated pwith pthe pdisease; pa plikelihood pratio pless pthan p1 pindicates pthat pa pnegative presult pis passociated pwith pan pabsence pof pthe
pdisease.
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical pdecision p(or pprediction) prules pprovide panother psupport pfor pclinical preasoning. pClinical pdecision prules pare pevidence-
basedpresources pthat pprovide pprobabilistic pstatements pregarding pthe plikelihood pthat pa pcondition pexists pif pcertain pvariables pare
pmet pwith pregard pto pthe pprognosis pof ppatients pwith pspecific pfindings. pDecision prules puse pmathematical pmodels pand pare
pspecific pto pcertain psituations, psettings, pand/or ppatient pcharacteristics.
PTS: 1
