CMN 552 Module 3 Exam
What are the two main components of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Obsessions and compulsions.
Define obsessions in the context of OCD. -ANSWER✅✅✅Recurrent and persistent
thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive and unwanted, causing marked anxiety or
distress.
What are compulsions in OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Repetitive behaviors or mental acts
that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to
rigid rules.
What is the time requirement for OCD symptoms to be considered clinically significant?
-ANSWER✅✅✅Symptoms must be time-consuming, taking more than 1 hour per day.
What must be ruled out to diagnose OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅The symptoms must not be
attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
What are the insight specifiers for OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Good or fair insight, poor
insight, and absent insight/delusional beliefs.
What is the prevalence of tic disorders in individuals with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Up to
30% of individuals with OCD have a lifetime tic disorder.
What are sensory phenomena in OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Physical experiences that
precede compulsions, such as just-right sensations and feelings of incompleteness.
What are some common affective responses in individuals with OCD? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Marked anxiety, feelings of disgust, and a sense of incompleteness
while performing compulsions.
What is accommodation in the context of OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅The involvement of
family or friends in compulsive rituals, which can exacerbate or maintain symptoms.
What is the mean age of onset for OCD in the United States? -ANSWER✅✅✅19.5
years.
What percentage of OCD cases begin by age 14? -ANSWER✅✅✅25% of cases.
What is the typical course of untreated OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Chronic, often with
waxing and waning symptoms.
,What is the remission rate for untreated OCD in adults after 40 years? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Approximately 20%.
What are some common comorbid disorders with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Anxiety
disorders, depression, and tic disorders.
How do obsessions and compulsions differ in children compared to adults? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Children may have observable compulsions, while obsessions can be
harder to articulate.
What genetic factor is associated with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅The rate of OCD among
first-degree relatives of individuals with OCD is approximately two times higher than
those without the disorder.
What is the concordance rate for OCD in monozygotic twins? -ANSWER✅✅✅0.57.
What is the concordance rate for OCD in dizygotic twins? -ANSWER✅✅✅0.22.
What is a common belief among individuals with OCD regarding thoughts? -
ANSWER✅✅✅The overimportance of thoughts, believing that having a forbidden
thought is as bad as acting on it.
What is the impact of OCD on social interactions? -ANSWER✅✅✅Individuals may
avoid people, places, and things that trigger their obsessions and compulsions.
What characterizes the developmental course of OCD symptoms? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Symptoms can be stable in adults but more variable in children.
What is the significance of insight in OCD treatment outcomes? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Poorer insight is linked to worse long-term outcomes.
What are common themes of OCD symptoms in individuals with a history of tic
disorders? -ANSWER✅✅✅They may differ in themes, comorbidity, course, and
familial transmission compared to those without tic disorders.
What is the role of avoidance behavior in OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Individuals often
avoid situations that trigger their obsessions to reduce anxiety.
What is the relationship between OCD and perfectionism? -ANSWER✅✅✅Many
individuals with OCD exhibit perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty.
What is the typical pattern of symptoms in adults with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅The
pattern can be stable over time but varies in children.
, What percentage of variance in obsessive-compulsive symptoms is accounted for by
additive genetic effects? -ANSWER✅✅✅~40%
Which brain regions are implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and striatum
At what age do men typically experience the onset of OCD compared to women? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Men often have an earlier onset in childhood, while women typically
have onset in adolescence.
What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders among adults with OCD in the United
States? -ANSWER✅✅✅76%
What is the most common comorbid disorder with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Major
depressive disorder (41%)
What percentage of individuals with OCD also have a lifetime tic disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Up to 30%
What is the mean age at onset for body dysmorphic disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅16-17
years
What are common comorbid disorders in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Anxiety disorders, social anxiety, and eating disorders
What is muscle dysmorphia and who is it most common in? -ANSWER✅✅✅A subtype
of body dysmorphic disorder occurring almost exclusively in men.
What cognitive biases are associated with body dysmorphic disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Bias for negative and threatening interpretations of social situations.
What is the typical course of body dysmorphic disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Usually
chronic, but improvement is likely with evidence-based treatment.
What are the common age ranges for the onset of body dysmorphic disorder
symptoms? -ANSWER✅✅✅Subclinical symptoms begin around ages 12-13, with full
disorder onset often before age 18.
What is a key difference in symptom focus between men and women with body
dysmorphic disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Men focus on genitals and body build, while
women focus on weight and body shape.
What are the two main components of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Obsessions and compulsions.
Define obsessions in the context of OCD. -ANSWER✅✅✅Recurrent and persistent
thoughts, urges, or images that are intrusive and unwanted, causing marked anxiety or
distress.
What are compulsions in OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Repetitive behaviors or mental acts
that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to
rigid rules.
What is the time requirement for OCD symptoms to be considered clinically significant?
-ANSWER✅✅✅Symptoms must be time-consuming, taking more than 1 hour per day.
What must be ruled out to diagnose OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅The symptoms must not be
attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
What are the insight specifiers for OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Good or fair insight, poor
insight, and absent insight/delusional beliefs.
What is the prevalence of tic disorders in individuals with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Up to
30% of individuals with OCD have a lifetime tic disorder.
What are sensory phenomena in OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Physical experiences that
precede compulsions, such as just-right sensations and feelings of incompleteness.
What are some common affective responses in individuals with OCD? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Marked anxiety, feelings of disgust, and a sense of incompleteness
while performing compulsions.
What is accommodation in the context of OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅The involvement of
family or friends in compulsive rituals, which can exacerbate or maintain symptoms.
What is the mean age of onset for OCD in the United States? -ANSWER✅✅✅19.5
years.
What percentage of OCD cases begin by age 14? -ANSWER✅✅✅25% of cases.
What is the typical course of untreated OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Chronic, often with
waxing and waning symptoms.
,What is the remission rate for untreated OCD in adults after 40 years? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Approximately 20%.
What are some common comorbid disorders with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Anxiety
disorders, depression, and tic disorders.
How do obsessions and compulsions differ in children compared to adults? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Children may have observable compulsions, while obsessions can be
harder to articulate.
What genetic factor is associated with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅The rate of OCD among
first-degree relatives of individuals with OCD is approximately two times higher than
those without the disorder.
What is the concordance rate for OCD in monozygotic twins? -ANSWER✅✅✅0.57.
What is the concordance rate for OCD in dizygotic twins? -ANSWER✅✅✅0.22.
What is a common belief among individuals with OCD regarding thoughts? -
ANSWER✅✅✅The overimportance of thoughts, believing that having a forbidden
thought is as bad as acting on it.
What is the impact of OCD on social interactions? -ANSWER✅✅✅Individuals may
avoid people, places, and things that trigger their obsessions and compulsions.
What characterizes the developmental course of OCD symptoms? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Symptoms can be stable in adults but more variable in children.
What is the significance of insight in OCD treatment outcomes? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Poorer insight is linked to worse long-term outcomes.
What are common themes of OCD symptoms in individuals with a history of tic
disorders? -ANSWER✅✅✅They may differ in themes, comorbidity, course, and
familial transmission compared to those without tic disorders.
What is the role of avoidance behavior in OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Individuals often
avoid situations that trigger their obsessions to reduce anxiety.
What is the relationship between OCD and perfectionism? -ANSWER✅✅✅Many
individuals with OCD exhibit perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty.
What is the typical pattern of symptoms in adults with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅The
pattern can be stable over time but varies in children.
, What percentage of variance in obsessive-compulsive symptoms is accounted for by
additive genetic effects? -ANSWER✅✅✅~40%
Which brain regions are implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and striatum
At what age do men typically experience the onset of OCD compared to women? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Men often have an earlier onset in childhood, while women typically
have onset in adolescence.
What is the prevalence of anxiety disorders among adults with OCD in the United
States? -ANSWER✅✅✅76%
What is the most common comorbid disorder with OCD? -ANSWER✅✅✅Major
depressive disorder (41%)
What percentage of individuals with OCD also have a lifetime tic disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Up to 30%
What is the mean age at onset for body dysmorphic disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅16-17
years
What are common comorbid disorders in individuals with body dysmorphic disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Anxiety disorders, social anxiety, and eating disorders
What is muscle dysmorphia and who is it most common in? -ANSWER✅✅✅A subtype
of body dysmorphic disorder occurring almost exclusively in men.
What cognitive biases are associated with body dysmorphic disorder? -
ANSWER✅✅✅Bias for negative and threatening interpretations of social situations.
What is the typical course of body dysmorphic disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Usually
chronic, but improvement is likely with evidence-based treatment.
What are the common age ranges for the onset of body dysmorphic disorder
symptoms? -ANSWER✅✅✅Subclinical symptoms begin around ages 12-13, with full
disorder onset often before age 18.
What is a key difference in symptom focus between men and women with body
dysmorphic disorder? -ANSWER✅✅✅Men focus on genitals and body build, while
women focus on weight and body shape.
