Ax x x x x x x x x x x
J. Hurley
x
,Chapter 1 Test A
hu hu hu
MULTIPLE CHOICE hu
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
nonargumentsand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today
hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu
are workingmore and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing
hu h u hu h u hu h u hu h u h u h u h u h u
more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the
h u hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu h u hu hu
typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with men working
hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu h u
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
h u h u h u h u h u h u hu h u h u
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more
hu hu hu hu hu hu
hu and relaxing less.ANS:
hu hu h u D h u PTS: h u 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins
hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
that regulate blood pressure(which can cause development delays in children and
hu hu hu hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
high blood pressure in adults), heme production(which can lead to anemia), and
h u h u h u h u h u hu hu h u h u hu hu h u
husperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit
hu h u h u hu h u hu h u h u h u h u
electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u hu hu hu hu
information.
hu
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to h u hu h u h u h u
Chemistry" h u
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
h u h u h u h u hu h u h u h u h u hu
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. h u h u h u hu
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
h u h u h u hu h u h u h u hu h u
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium
hu hu hu hu hu
hu ... recall information.ANS:
hu hu h u C PTS: h u 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was
hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu h u hu hu h u h u
virtuous to choose theproper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular
h u hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
situation and that extremes of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there
hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu
are some men of practical wisdom who
hu hu hu have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle
h u hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu h u
argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice h u h u hu hu hu hu
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
h u h u h u h u h u h u hu hu h u
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
h u h u hu h u h u hu h u h u h u hu
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
h u h u h u h u h u hu h u h u h u h u
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u hu h u h u
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local,
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u hu h u hu h u
h uand federal income
h u taxand Social Security tax. They also purchase items from
hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
h ulocal merchants, increasing the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In
h u h u hu hu h u h u h u h u h u h u
h uaddition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
h u h u h u h u h u h u hu h u h u hu hu
h uemployers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to
hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu
husay that illegal immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu
1
,a. Argument; conclusion:
h u h u It h u is not
h u h u correct h u to say ... communities
hu hu h u h u in which they live.
h u hu h u
2
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers
h u h u h u hu h u h u h u hu h u h u pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
h u h u h u h u hu h u h u hu
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u h u h u
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times
h u h u h u h u h u hu h u hu hu
more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black
h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu hu
women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
longer periods in prison. For both murder anddrug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the hu h u h u h u h u hu
U.S." h u
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
hu h u hu hu hu h u hu
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u hu
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
h u h u h u h u hu hu h u
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
hu periods in prison.ANS: hu hu B h u PTS: 2 h u
6. It's even more important these days that your computer
h u hu be protected by a firewall.
hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu hu hu hu
There are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out
h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once avulnerable computer is found, these criminals
hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
They also defraud online advertisers by using
hu hu hu these zombie computers tofvisit pay-
hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu
per-click ads. hu
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
h u h u hu h u h u h u hu h u h u h u
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u hu h u
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
h u h u hu h u h u hu h u h u hu
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected
hu hu h u hu hu hu hu
hu by h u a firewall.ANS: E PTS:
hu hu h u 2
7. The earth is h u of interest to astronomy for h umany reasons. hNearly all
u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
hobservations
u must be made through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of interplanetary space. The
h u h u h u h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy h u hu hu h u hu
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
h u h u hu h u h u hu h u hu
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.
h u h u hu hu h u h u h u h u
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... hu hu hu hu hu
hu through the atmosphere.ANS: Chu hu PTS: h u 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu h u hu hu hu h u hu
communitiesabutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers,
hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
and the makers of traditional medicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not
h u h u h u h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be
hu hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu hu hu hu h u hu
restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
hu hu hu hu h u hu h u h u hu hu hu hu hu
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned.
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u h u
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. h u h u h u h u hu h u
3
J. Hurley
x
,Chapter 1 Test A
hu hu hu
MULTIPLE CHOICE hu
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
nonargumentsand identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today
hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu
are workingmore and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing
hu h u hu h u hu h u hu h u h u h u h u h u
more. Forty years ago a typical woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the
h u hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu h u hu hu
typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant. Today, with men working
hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu h u
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
h u h u h u h u h u h u hu h u h u
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more
hu hu hu hu hu hu
hu and relaxing less.ANS:
hu hu h u D h u PTS: h u 2
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
replaces other metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins
hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
that regulate blood pressure(which can cause development delays in children and
hu hu hu hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
high blood pressure in adults), heme production(which can lead to anemia), and
h u h u h u h u h u hu hu h u h u hu hu h u
husperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that transmit
hu h u h u hu h u hu h u h u h u h u
electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u hu hu hu hu
information.
hu
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to h u hu h u h u h u
Chemistry" h u
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
h u h u h u h u hu h u h u h u h u hu
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic. h u h u h u hu
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
h u h u h u hu h u h u h u hu h u
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium
hu hu hu hu hu
hu ... recall information.ANS:
hu hu h u C PTS: h u 2
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was
hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu h u hu hu h u h u
virtuous to choose theproper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular
h u hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
situation and that extremes of emotion and action were vices. In all communities there
hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu
are some men of practical wisdom who
hu hu hu have the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle
h u hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu h u
argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the situation.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice h u h u hu hu hu hu
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
h u h u h u h u h u h u hu hu h u
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
h u h u hu h u h u hu h u h u h u hu
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
h u h u h u h u h u hu h u h u h u h u
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u hu h u h u
e. Nonargument.
ANS: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local,
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u hu h u hu h u
h uand federal income
h u taxand Social Security tax. They also purchase items from
hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
h ulocal merchants, increasing the amount these merchants pay in taxes. In
h u h u hu hu h u h u h u h u h u h u
h uaddition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
h u h u h u h u h u h u hu h u h u hu hu
h uemployers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to
hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu
husay that illegal immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu
1
,a. Argument; conclusion:
h u h u It h u is not
h u h u correct h u to say ... communities
hu hu h u h u in which they live.
h u hu h u
2
, b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers
h u h u h u hu h u h u h u hu h u h u pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
h u h u h u h u hu h u h u hu
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u h u h u
e. Nonargument.
ANS: A PTS: 2
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
arrested, over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times
h u h u h u h u h u hu h u hu hu
more likely to be arrested for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black
h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu hu
women have received significantly longer sentences for crimes against property and served
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
longer periods in prison. For both murder anddrug offenses, Euroamerican women ended up
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black women.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the hu h u h u h u h u hu
U.S." h u
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
hu h u hu hu hu h u hu
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: For both murder and drug offenses ... black women.
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u hu
d. Argument; conclusion: Numerous studies have indicated ... over-sentenced.
h u h u h u h u hu hu h u
e. Argument; conclusion: Black women have received ... longer
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
hu periods in prison.ANS: hu hu B h u PTS: 2 h u
6. It's even more important these days that your computer
h u hu be protected by a firewall.
hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu hu hu hu
There are criminal elements lurking in the shadows of cyberspace who send out
h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
probes to detect unprotected PCs. Once avulnerable computer is found, these criminals
hu hu hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
install software that assists them in committing identity theft and fencing stolen IDs.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
They also defraud online advertisers by using
hu hu hu these zombie computers tofvisit pay-
hu h u hu hu hu hu hu hu
per-click ads. hu
a. Argument; conclusion: There are criminal elements ... to detect unprotected PCs.
h u h u hu h u h u h u hu h u h u h u
b. Argument; conclusion: Once a vulnerable computer ... fencing stolen IDs.
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u hu h u
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument; conclusion: They also defraud ... to visit pay-per-click ads.
h u h u hu h u h u hu h u h u hu
e. Argument; conclusion: It's even more important ... protected
hu hu h u hu hu hu hu
hu by h u a firewall.ANS: E PTS:
hu hu h u 2
7. The earth is h u of interest to astronomy for h umany reasons. hNearly all
u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
hobservations
u must be made through the atmosphere, and the phenomena of the
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
upper atmosphere and the magnetosphere reflect the state of interplanetary space. The
h u h u h u h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
earth is also the most important object of comparison for planetologists.
hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
Hannu Karttunen, et al., Fundamental Astronomy h u hu hu h u hu
a. Argument; conclusion: The phenomena ... state of interplanetary space.
h u h u hu h u h u hu h u hu
b. Argument; conclusion: The earth is also ... for planetologists.
h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
c. Argument; conclusion: The earth is of interest to astronomy.
h u h u hu hu h u h u h u h u
d. Nonargument.
e. Argument; conclusion: Nearly all observations ... hu hu hu hu hu
hu through the atmosphere.ANS: Chu hu PTS: h u 2
8. If the trade in tiger products is banned, tiger reserves are guarded by well equipped staff,
hu hu hu hu hu h u hu hu hu h u hu hu hu h u hu
communitiesabutting tiger habitat are given a stake in protecting tigers,
hu h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u h u
and the makers of traditional medicines canbe persuaded that tiger parts are not
h u h u h u h u hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu hu
needed, then tiger poaching will be halted, habitat and life sustaining prey will be
hu hu hu hu hu hu h u h u hu hu hu hu h u hu
restored, and the immanent extinction of tigers in the wild will be averted.
hu hu hu hu h u hu h u h u hu hu hu hu hu
a. Nonargument.
b. Argument; conclusion: The trade in tiger products is banned.
h u h u hu h u h u h u h u h u
c. Argument; conclusion: Tiger poaching will be halted. h u h u h u h u hu h u
3
