Anaesthesia and Pain Management| Principles of Anaesthesia & Preparing a Patient for Anaesthesia/Surgery Study Guide | A Review of 414 Real Past Exam Questions With Correct Accurate Answers | Guaranteed Pass (Brand New!!)

Anaesthesia & Analgesia: The Complete PDF Guide to Pain Management, Drug Protocols, and Patient Monitoring This comprehensive PDF guide serves as an essential resource for medical professionals, students, and technicians, covering the full spectrum of anesthesia and pain management in animals. The document systematically breaks down complex concepts including the physiology of pain (nociception, transduction, transmission, and modulation), detailed pharmacology of analgesics (Opioids, NSAIDs, Local Anesthetics, NMDA antagonists, and Gabapentinoids), and fluid therapy principles. Anaesthesia and Pain Management| Principles of Anaesthesia & Preparing a Patient for Anaesthesia/Surgery Study Guide | A Review of 414 Real Past Exam Questions With Correct Accurate Answers | Guaranteed Pass (Brand New!!) 1. Allodynia: ANS Pain provoked by a non-noxious stimulus 2. Trans duction, trans mission, modulation, perception: ANS List the order of events that occur in the physiological response to pain 3. A-delta, C: ANS What are the two main fibers that transmit a nociceptive signal from the periphery to the CNS? 4. A-delta: ANS Pain trans mission fibers: ANS these fibers are myelinated and transmit "fast" pain 5. Pain: ANS An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage 6. Nociception: ANS Encoding and processing of harmful stimuli in the nervous system, and, therefore, the ability of a body to sense potential harm 7. Analgesia: ANS An absence of pain in the presence of stimuli which would normally be painful 8. Hyperalgesia: ANS An increased amount of pain associated with a mild noxious stimulus 9. Pain trans mission fibers: ANS these fibers are unmyelinated and transmit "slow" pain 10. Dorsal horn of spinal cord: ANS Where is the most common site for modulation of pain/nociceptive signals? 11. Hypoalgesia: ANS Modulation of pain/nociception may result in -----------------fight/flight) 12. Sensitization: ANS Modulation of pain/nociception may result in ---------------------(hyperalgesia, allodynia) 13. NOPLANMG: ANS What is the acronym that can be used to run through analgesia options? 14. NSAIDs, opioids, paracetamol, local, alpha 2 agonists, NMDA agonists, maropitant, gabapentin: ANS Analgesia options: N - ? O - ? P - ? L - ? A - ? N - ? M - ? G - ? 15. Methadone, morphine, fentanyl, pethidine, buprenorphine, butorphanol: ANS -List the six most commonly used opioids 16. G protein coupled receptors, dorsal horn of spinal cord: ANS What kind of receptors do opioids act on (broadly)? Where are these located? Hyperpolarization: Pharmacodynamics: Opioids - reduce neuronal excitability via membrane (promote K+ channels opening & inhibit Ca2+ channels opening) 17. Delta, kappa, mu: ANS List the three main opioid receptors 18. Kappa: ANS Opioid receptors: which receptor is important in birds? 19. Mu: ANS Opioid receptors: which receptor is most important in mammals? 20. Dorsal horn of spinal cord, nociceptive: ANS Pharmacodynamics: Opioids - opioid receptors in the brain & spinal cord, analgesia action in the , inhibition of transmission of impulses 21. Intravenous, intramuscular: ANS Pharmacokinetics: Opioids - oral absorption is variable, most common routes of administration are (not pethidine) & 22. Heart rate, CO2: ANS Clinical effects: Opioids - negative chronotropic effects - decreased ---------& blood pressure, dose dependent respiratory depression - decreased sensitivity to 23. Panting: ANS Clinical effects: Opioids - what effect can occur in brachycephalic breeds as a result of the temperature set point reset? 24. Retention: ANS Clinical effects: Opioids - epidural administration can cause increased urethral sphincter tone, which can lead to urinary (monitor bladder size during procedures) 25. Histamine: ANS Clinical effects: Opioids - if pethidine is administered IV, what does it release? BAD 26. 2, full, short: ANS Opioids: Methadone - schedule drug, veterinary license for dogs & cats, synthetic (full/partial?) mu agonist, NMDA agonist, (short/long?) onset, duration 3-4 hours, lipid soluble, no emesis (cf morphine 27. Locked, written register: ANS Schedule 2 controlled drugs - stored in a -----------Cupboard ---------------must be kept, ex. methadone, morphine, ketamine 28. 2, full, low: ANS Opioids: Morphine - schedule drug, no veterinary license, (full/partial?) mu agonist, onset 10-15 min, duration 3-4 hours, (low/high?) lipid solubility, emesis on first dose 29. 2, full, IM, positive: ANS Opioids: Pethidine - schedule drug, licensed, (full/partial?) mu agonist, onset 10-15 minutes, duration 30-60 minutes, route of administration only, -----------------------(positive/negative?) chromotrope (minimal CV effects) 30. Pethidine: ANS Which opioid should never be given IV? Causes histamine release 31. 2, full, fast: ANS Opioids: Fentanyl - schedule drug, licensed, (full/partial?) mu agonist, (slow/fast) onset, duration 15-20 min, good for emergencies 32. 3, partial, slow, long: ANS Opioids: Buprenorphine - schedule drug, licensed, (full/partial?) mu agonist/antagonist, --------(slow/fast?) onset, (short/long?) duration, high affinity to mu receptor 33. Prescription, mild, tussive: ANS Opioids: Butorphanol - only medication, licensed, synthetic opioid k agonist/mu antagonists, used for pain (ex. radiographs), onset 10 minutes, duration 1-2 hours, potent anti- , good sedation 34. Naloxone: ANS Name the main opioid antagonist 35. Short, analgesia: ANS Opioid antagonists: ANS Naloxone - (short/long) duration of action, antagonizes opioids and , used in emergencies, caesarean 36. Methadone: ANS Name the opioid - red 37. Morphine: ANS Name the opioid - yellow 38. Fentanyl: ANS Name the opioid - green 39. Pethidine: ANS Name the opioid - purple 40. Buprenorphine: ANS Name the opioid - pink