HESI PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS
DISEASE EXAM (2026 Edition)||
questions and answers with
rationales/graded A+/2026
update/100% correct /instant
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Section 1: Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Questions 1-20)
1. A 12-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for routine immunizations.
According to the 2026 CDC/ACIP schedule, which of the following vaccines is
recommended specifically for this age visit?
• A) HepB (third dose)
• B) MMR (first dose)
• C) Tdap
• D) HPV (first dose)
Rationale: The first dose of MMR is routinely given at 12–15 months. HepB third
dose is given at 6–18 months but is not "specific" to this visit. Tdap is given at 11–
12 years. HPV starts at age 9.
2. A 4-year-old child presents with a “grape-like” swelling below the ear, fever,
and pain when chewing. The parent reports no immunizations. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
• A) Streptococcal pharyngitis
• B) Mumps parotitis
• C) Tetanus
, • D) EBV infection
Rationale: Mumps typically presents with painful parotid swelling (grape-like).
Unvaccinated children are at high risk. Strep causes pharyngitis without parotid
swelling.
3. A child develops a confluent maculopapular rash, high fever (103°F), and
Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa. Which post-exposure prophylaxis is most
effective if given within 72 hours of exposure?
• A) Oral ribavirin
• B) MMR vaccine
• C) MMR vaccine or IGIV (depending on risk)
• D) Oral acyclovir
Rationale: Post-exposure measles prophylaxis includes MMR vaccine within 72
hours or immunoglobulin within 6 days for high-risk contacts.
4. A 16-year-old presents with severe muscle spasms and trismus (lockjaw)
after stepping on a rusty nail. The wound was not cleaned. Which
immunization status puts the patient at highest risk?
• A) Received DTaP at 2, 4, 6 months but no boosters
• B) Never received Tdap or Td booster after age 11
• C) Received Tdap at age 11 and age 14
• D) Received DTaP series only
Rationale: Tdap booster is recommended at 11–12 years and every 10 years
thereafter. Lack of booster after age 11 increases tetanus risk in contaminated
wounds.
5. Which of the following is a contraindication to receiving the rotavirus
vaccine?
DISEASE EXAM (2026 Edition)||
questions and answers with
rationales/graded A+/2026
update/100% correct /instant
download
Section 1: Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (Questions 1-20)
1. A 12-month-old infant is brought to the clinic for routine immunizations.
According to the 2026 CDC/ACIP schedule, which of the following vaccines is
recommended specifically for this age visit?
• A) HepB (third dose)
• B) MMR (first dose)
• C) Tdap
• D) HPV (first dose)
Rationale: The first dose of MMR is routinely given at 12–15 months. HepB third
dose is given at 6–18 months but is not "specific" to this visit. Tdap is given at 11–
12 years. HPV starts at age 9.
2. A 4-year-old child presents with a “grape-like” swelling below the ear, fever,
and pain when chewing. The parent reports no immunizations. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
• A) Streptococcal pharyngitis
• B) Mumps parotitis
• C) Tetanus
, • D) EBV infection
Rationale: Mumps typically presents with painful parotid swelling (grape-like).
Unvaccinated children are at high risk. Strep causes pharyngitis without parotid
swelling.
3. A child develops a confluent maculopapular rash, high fever (103°F), and
Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa. Which post-exposure prophylaxis is most
effective if given within 72 hours of exposure?
• A) Oral ribavirin
• B) MMR vaccine
• C) MMR vaccine or IGIV (depending on risk)
• D) Oral acyclovir
Rationale: Post-exposure measles prophylaxis includes MMR vaccine within 72
hours or immunoglobulin within 6 days for high-risk contacts.
4. A 16-year-old presents with severe muscle spasms and trismus (lockjaw)
after stepping on a rusty nail. The wound was not cleaned. Which
immunization status puts the patient at highest risk?
• A) Received DTaP at 2, 4, 6 months but no boosters
• B) Never received Tdap or Td booster after age 11
• C) Received Tdap at age 11 and age 14
• D) Received DTaP series only
Rationale: Tdap booster is recommended at 11–12 years and every 10 years
thereafter. Lack of booster after age 11 increases tetanus risk in contaminated
wounds.
5. Which of the following is a contraindication to receiving the rotavirus
vaccine?
