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Sumario Anatomía del Tórax – Apuntes completos (huesos, diafragma y músculos)

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Documento completo de anatomía del tórax que incluye huesos torácicos, pared torácica, diafragma, vascularización y músculos. Contiene información detallada y organizada, ideal para estudiantes de medicina que necesitan material claro para estudio y repaso.

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Torax
I. Huesos.......................................................................................................................................1
Vertebras................................................................................................................................. 1
Costillas................................................................................................................................... 4
Clasificación de las Costillas..............................................................................................5
Esternon.................................................................................................................................. 6
Clavícula.................................................................................................................................. 7
Escápula.................................................................................................................................. 7
Caras:................................................................................................................................ 7
Bordes:...............................................................................................................................8
Contenido de la escotadura:.............................................................................................. 8
Ángulos:............................................................................................................................. 8
Pared Torácica........................................................................................................................... 10
Músculos de la pared Torácica.............................................................................................. 10
Diafragma........................................................................................................................ 10
- Características Generales....................................................................................... 10
- Inserciones.............................................................................................................. 10
● Constitución anatómica...........................................................................................11
Hiatos del diafragma.................................................................................................. 12
Límites del hiato aórtico............................................................................................. 13
Vascularización.......................................................................................................... 13
Inervación.................................................................................................................. 13
Arterias de la pared torácica..................................................................................................14
Arteria axilar.....................................................................................................................14
Ramas colaterales del arteria axilar...........................................................................14
Músculos del Tórax................................................................................................................15
1. Pectoral mayor:............................................................................................................15
2. Pectoral menor.............................................................................................................16
3. Serrato anterior............................................................................................................ 17
4. Dorsal ancho................................................................................................................17
5. músculo subclavio........................................................................................................17




I.​ Huesos

Vertebras
Características generales:
-​ huesos irregulares

, -​ En número de 33 - 34
-​ Se agrupan en 7 cervicales, 12 torácicas o dorsales, 5 lumbares, sacro y coxis (9
- 10 pelvianas)
Para su estudio se divide en características comunes, características particulares y
características individuales
La columna en vista antero posterior, no tiene curvaturas, en una vista lateral presenta 4
curvaturas


# Lordosis: convexo anterior
# Cifosis: cóncavo anterior




# Las vértebras se dividen en 2 partes, la porción anterior se llama cuerpo vertebral

Características Comunes




-​ Apofisis / proceso espinosa (8)
-​ Apofisis / proceso transverso (6)
-​ Apofisis / faceta articular superior (3) e inferior (7)
-​ Cuerpo vertebral (1)
La porción anterior se une a la porción posterior por el pedículo

, # Foramen vertebral

-​ Límites:
1.​ Ant: cuerpo vertebral - cara post
2.​ Lat: pedículo - apofisis transversa
3.​ Post: Lamina y apofisis espinosa
-​ Contenido: médula espinal




# Foramen intervertebral
-​ Limites:
1.​ Ant: cuerpo vertebral (de 2 vértebras) y discos
intervertebrales
2.​ Post: Apof Articular (articulación cigo
apofisiaria) entre las apofisis articulares
3.​ Sup: pediculo
4.​ Inf: pediculo de la otra vértebra
-​ Contenido: Nervios espinales y arterias radiculares




2. Características particulares

# Vértebras Cervicales
-​ Cuerpo vertebral: aplastado, con mayor eje transversal
-​ Foramen vertebral: triangular, grande, con mayor eje transversal
-​ Apof espinosa: prismática, con 2 tubérculos en su vértice
-​ Apof transversa: forman los forámenes transversos que contienen el PVN vertebral
-​ Pediculo: escotadura superior más marcada

# Vértebras Lumbares
-​ Apof. Espinosa: cuadrilátera y robusta
-​ Foramen: circular
-​ Cuerpo: cilíndrico y voluminoso
-​ Pediculo: escotadura inferior mas marcada
-​ Apof. Transversa: llamada costiforme

# vértebras torácica
-​ Apof espinosa: prismática puntiaguda

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