SOCIOLOGY 210: EXAM 3
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
ACCURATE
Modern Theory / Neoliberalism - ANSWER-Mildly like Modernization Theory in that:
-Economic Growth is essential to development
-Traditional societies are backwards and lack proper values
-Developing countries need to adopt modern institutions, tech and cultural values
that emphasize productive investment
Not similar in that:
-Development requires freeing the market and joining the global economy
World System Theory(Wallerstein) - ANSWER-Immanuel Wallerstein belief about
countries around the world.
Three categories differentiate them:
-Core, Periphery, and Semi-periphery
-Core countries exploit dominant capitalist countries that exploit peripheral countries
for labor/materials
Institution - ANSWER-A complex of positions, roles, norms, and values lodged in
particular types of social structures and organizing relatively stable patterns of
human activity
Organization - ANSWER-groups of people and the governance arrangements they
create to coordinate their collective action
-Governed by rules
-Instrumental: Designed to achieve some goal or set of goals
De-institutionalization (de-naturalization) - ANSWER-A process by which something
assumed to be normal, universal, and accepted is challenged, and thus no longer
seems obvious or natural
-Marriage less a means to procreate or gain financially now than it used to be
Collective effervescense - ANSWER-The feeling of joy that an individual gains from
being part of a group or sharing values with something not completely themselves
-People being more comfortable with de
Mechanical and organic solidarity - ANSWER-Mechanical - Low division of labor
-Strong group cohesion
-Little individuality
-Strong collective conscience
-Repressive law
(Conveys iron cage spoken about by Weber)
Organic - Elaborate division of labor
, -Functional interdependence
-Highly individualistic
-Collective conscience exists but less important
-Restitutive law
Sacred/Profane - ANSWER-Sacred - Regarded with veneration and caution
Ex. Totem poles, churches, pictures of gods/goddesses
Profane - mundane, earthly, and common
Ex. Anything not regarded with other-worldy significance
How did Berger and Luckmann explain the process of institutionalization or creating
institutions? - ANSWER-Dyad concept with two individuals create roles in social
circumstances that eventually becomes habit
-Children then gain the roles of men and women through exposure in
society/household
Repressive Vs. Restitutive Law - ANSWER-Repressive Law - Moral bonds that
restrict an individual
Ex. Crime hurts moral bond and must be punished publicly and severely to enforce
moral bonds/law further
Restitutive law - Requires an offender to pay for the harm he did to whoever was
affected, aids in maintaining normal contact and social intercourse
Bureaucracy - ANSWER-A component of formal organization that uses rules and
hierarchical ranking of offices to achieve efficiency
Types of Legitimate Domination - ANSWER-Legal-Rational: Obedience due to
rationality of impartial and abstract rules
Ex. McDonaldization, Iron Cage
Traditional: Obedience because that's the way it always has been
Ex. Priest or father
Charismatic: Obedience due to the allure of a visionary's image
Ex. Jesus, Allah, Buddha
Disenchant/Iron Cage - ANSWER-As legal rational domination spreads, life is
increasingly oriented towards instrumental goals and evaluated in terms of efficiency
and calculability.
Iron Cage - The mental bond that is constructed from institution
McDonalization - ANSWER-Tendency to organize social life according to principles
of a fast food restaurant
(Efficiency, calculability, control, predictability)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100%
ACCURATE
Modern Theory / Neoliberalism - ANSWER-Mildly like Modernization Theory in that:
-Economic Growth is essential to development
-Traditional societies are backwards and lack proper values
-Developing countries need to adopt modern institutions, tech and cultural values
that emphasize productive investment
Not similar in that:
-Development requires freeing the market and joining the global economy
World System Theory(Wallerstein) - ANSWER-Immanuel Wallerstein belief about
countries around the world.
Three categories differentiate them:
-Core, Periphery, and Semi-periphery
-Core countries exploit dominant capitalist countries that exploit peripheral countries
for labor/materials
Institution - ANSWER-A complex of positions, roles, norms, and values lodged in
particular types of social structures and organizing relatively stable patterns of
human activity
Organization - ANSWER-groups of people and the governance arrangements they
create to coordinate their collective action
-Governed by rules
-Instrumental: Designed to achieve some goal or set of goals
De-institutionalization (de-naturalization) - ANSWER-A process by which something
assumed to be normal, universal, and accepted is challenged, and thus no longer
seems obvious or natural
-Marriage less a means to procreate or gain financially now than it used to be
Collective effervescense - ANSWER-The feeling of joy that an individual gains from
being part of a group or sharing values with something not completely themselves
-People being more comfortable with de
Mechanical and organic solidarity - ANSWER-Mechanical - Low division of labor
-Strong group cohesion
-Little individuality
-Strong collective conscience
-Repressive law
(Conveys iron cage spoken about by Weber)
Organic - Elaborate division of labor
, -Functional interdependence
-Highly individualistic
-Collective conscience exists but less important
-Restitutive law
Sacred/Profane - ANSWER-Sacred - Regarded with veneration and caution
Ex. Totem poles, churches, pictures of gods/goddesses
Profane - mundane, earthly, and common
Ex. Anything not regarded with other-worldy significance
How did Berger and Luckmann explain the process of institutionalization or creating
institutions? - ANSWER-Dyad concept with two individuals create roles in social
circumstances that eventually becomes habit
-Children then gain the roles of men and women through exposure in
society/household
Repressive Vs. Restitutive Law - ANSWER-Repressive Law - Moral bonds that
restrict an individual
Ex. Crime hurts moral bond and must be punished publicly and severely to enforce
moral bonds/law further
Restitutive law - Requires an offender to pay for the harm he did to whoever was
affected, aids in maintaining normal contact and social intercourse
Bureaucracy - ANSWER-A component of formal organization that uses rules and
hierarchical ranking of offices to achieve efficiency
Types of Legitimate Domination - ANSWER-Legal-Rational: Obedience due to
rationality of impartial and abstract rules
Ex. McDonaldization, Iron Cage
Traditional: Obedience because that's the way it always has been
Ex. Priest or father
Charismatic: Obedience due to the allure of a visionary's image
Ex. Jesus, Allah, Buddha
Disenchant/Iron Cage - ANSWER-As legal rational domination spreads, life is
increasingly oriented towards instrumental goals and evaluated in terms of efficiency
and calculability.
Iron Cage - The mental bond that is constructed from institution
McDonalization - ANSWER-Tendency to organize social life according to principles
of a fast food restaurant
(Efficiency, calculability, control, predictability)
