PSYCHOLOGY THEMES AND VARIATIONS
DOUG MCCANN CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
◉ What does the Id operate on? Answer: The pleasure principle,
seeking immediate gratification.
◉ What is the role of the Superego? Answer: It develops through
social interactions and serves as a moral compass, striving for
perfection and judging behavior.
◉ What is the Ego's function? Answer: To balance the demands of
the Id and the Superego, operating on the reality principle.
◉ What are defense mechanisms? Answer: Unconscious protective
behaviors that reduce anxiety.
◉ What is the Inferiority Complex proposed by Adler? Answer:
Feelings that one lacks worth and does not measure up to the
standards of others or society.
,◉ What is the focus of Adler's Individual Psychology? Answer: The
drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority and the importance of
social connections during childhood development.
◉ What did Erikson contribute to personality theory? Answer: He
developed psychosocial stages of development that outline the
impact of social experiences across a lifetime.
◉ What is Carl Jung's concept of the collective unconscious? Answer:
Common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from
one generation to the next.
◉ What are archetypes according to Jung? Answer: Patterns that
exist in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies.
◉ What did Karen Horney argue about personality differences?
Answer: She argued that differences between men and women are
culturally based, and introduced the concept of womb envy.
◉ What are Horney's three styles of coping used by children?
Answer: Moving toward people (affiliation), moving against people
(aggression), and moving away from people (detachment).
, ◉ What does the behaviorist perspective say about personality?
Answer: Personality is shaped by reinforcements and consequences,
leading to consistent behavior based on prior learning.
◉ What is Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism? Answer:
The idea that behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context
all influence each other.
◉ What is self-efficacy? Answer: The belief in one's ability to
succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.
◉ What is the significance of social exchange theory in
relationships? Answer: It suggests that relationships are formed and
maintained based on the perceived costs and benefits.
◉ What was a key takeaway from Solomon Asch's research? Answer:
It demonstrated the power of conformity in groups and how
individuals may conform to group opinions even when they are
incorrect.
◉ What did Stanley Milgram's experiment reveal? Answer: It
suggested that ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by
an authority figure, even to the extent of harming others.
DOUG MCCANN CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
◉ What does the Id operate on? Answer: The pleasure principle,
seeking immediate gratification.
◉ What is the role of the Superego? Answer: It develops through
social interactions and serves as a moral compass, striving for
perfection and judging behavior.
◉ What is the Ego's function? Answer: To balance the demands of
the Id and the Superego, operating on the reality principle.
◉ What are defense mechanisms? Answer: Unconscious protective
behaviors that reduce anxiety.
◉ What is the Inferiority Complex proposed by Adler? Answer:
Feelings that one lacks worth and does not measure up to the
standards of others or society.
,◉ What is the focus of Adler's Individual Psychology? Answer: The
drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority and the importance of
social connections during childhood development.
◉ What did Erikson contribute to personality theory? Answer: He
developed psychosocial stages of development that outline the
impact of social experiences across a lifetime.
◉ What is Carl Jung's concept of the collective unconscious? Answer:
Common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from
one generation to the next.
◉ What are archetypes according to Jung? Answer: Patterns that
exist in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies.
◉ What did Karen Horney argue about personality differences?
Answer: She argued that differences between men and women are
culturally based, and introduced the concept of womb envy.
◉ What are Horney's three styles of coping used by children?
Answer: Moving toward people (affiliation), moving against people
(aggression), and moving away from people (detachment).
, ◉ What does the behaviorist perspective say about personality?
Answer: Personality is shaped by reinforcements and consequences,
leading to consistent behavior based on prior learning.
◉ What is Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism? Answer:
The idea that behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context
all influence each other.
◉ What is self-efficacy? Answer: The belief in one's ability to
succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.
◉ What is the significance of social exchange theory in
relationships? Answer: It suggests that relationships are formed and
maintained based on the perceived costs and benefits.
◉ What was a key takeaway from Solomon Asch's research? Answer:
It demonstrated the power of conformity in groups and how
individuals may conform to group opinions even when they are
incorrect.
◉ What did Stanley Milgram's experiment reveal? Answer: It
suggested that ordinary people are likely to follow orders given by
an authority figure, even to the extent of harming others.
