NSG 522: Midterm Exam Test With
Correct Verified And Well Analyzed
Answers Graded A+ (Latest Update
2026)!!!
epidemiology
the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states
and events in specified populations and the application of that
knowledge to the control of health problems
-emphasizes focus on populations rather than individuals
-also focuses on control and prevention of health problems
Core epidemiological functions
surveillance, field investigations, analytical studies, evaluation,
linkages, policy
surveillance, field investigations, analytical studies, and evaluation
used to identify and describe the distribution and determinants of
health-related states and events, as well of the efficacy, effectiveness
and efficiency of health intervention and health service// also address
the identification of risk factors and causes
efficacy
The outcomes of an intervention or program under 'ideal' conditions,
such as studying outcomes in a research study// only measures the
outcomes in the ppl who participate in the study
effectiveness
the outcomes in 'real world' settings, such as when a program is
implemented in a community or a clinical setting.
,risk factor
an event or exposure associated with the development of a health
outcome (disease, disability, death). // not necessarily the cause of
the outcome
linkages and policy
focuses on the importance of collaboration with multiple agencies,
organizations, governments, and peoples
5 Ws of Epidemiology
What:
When:
Where:
Who:
Why:
5 W's: what?
health-related events such as disease, condition, injury or behavior
-what is the concern?
5 W's: who?
describes the person or persons that are affected by the health-
related events
=person
what are their risk factors?
5 W's: where?
identifies the place where the health-related events have occurred
=place
-where did it all start? and where is it spreading?
5 W's: when
represents the timing of the health-related events
=time
-how fast is it spreading?
5 W's: why?
, explains the cause of health-related events
-examines the potential etiologies (helpful or harmful)
=how?
2 components of epidemiology
descriptive and analytic
descriptive epidemiology
describes the distribution of health-related states and events
distribution
combo of frequency and pattern
determinants
Physical, biological, social, cultural,
economic and behavioral factors that influence health (causes of
disease)
frequency
number of events// quantification of "how many?"
pattern
characterization of "Who, where and when" (person, place and time)
analytic epidemiology
-determinants of health related states and events
-Studies the Why/How, the Cause and Effect// quantifies the
association btwn exposures and outcomes to determine CAUSAL
relationships
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Protects public health from diseases, injuries and disabilities, health
issues associated with natural disasters and bioterrorism attacks.
-the Nations epidemiologist
hx of epidemiology
-developed in the 1800's
-originally was the study of communicable dz
-in 1873 became the branch of medical sciences which treat
Correct Verified And Well Analyzed
Answers Graded A+ (Latest Update
2026)!!!
epidemiology
the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states
and events in specified populations and the application of that
knowledge to the control of health problems
-emphasizes focus on populations rather than individuals
-also focuses on control and prevention of health problems
Core epidemiological functions
surveillance, field investigations, analytical studies, evaluation,
linkages, policy
surveillance, field investigations, analytical studies, and evaluation
used to identify and describe the distribution and determinants of
health-related states and events, as well of the efficacy, effectiveness
and efficiency of health intervention and health service// also address
the identification of risk factors and causes
efficacy
The outcomes of an intervention or program under 'ideal' conditions,
such as studying outcomes in a research study// only measures the
outcomes in the ppl who participate in the study
effectiveness
the outcomes in 'real world' settings, such as when a program is
implemented in a community or a clinical setting.
,risk factor
an event or exposure associated with the development of a health
outcome (disease, disability, death). // not necessarily the cause of
the outcome
linkages and policy
focuses on the importance of collaboration with multiple agencies,
organizations, governments, and peoples
5 Ws of Epidemiology
What:
When:
Where:
Who:
Why:
5 W's: what?
health-related events such as disease, condition, injury or behavior
-what is the concern?
5 W's: who?
describes the person or persons that are affected by the health-
related events
=person
what are their risk factors?
5 W's: where?
identifies the place where the health-related events have occurred
=place
-where did it all start? and where is it spreading?
5 W's: when
represents the timing of the health-related events
=time
-how fast is it spreading?
5 W's: why?
, explains the cause of health-related events
-examines the potential etiologies (helpful or harmful)
=how?
2 components of epidemiology
descriptive and analytic
descriptive epidemiology
describes the distribution of health-related states and events
distribution
combo of frequency and pattern
determinants
Physical, biological, social, cultural,
economic and behavioral factors that influence health (causes of
disease)
frequency
number of events// quantification of "how many?"
pattern
characterization of "Who, where and when" (person, place and time)
analytic epidemiology
-determinants of health related states and events
-Studies the Why/How, the Cause and Effect// quantifies the
association btwn exposures and outcomes to determine CAUSAL
relationships
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Protects public health from diseases, injuries and disabilities, health
issues associated with natural disasters and bioterrorism attacks.
-the Nations epidemiologist
hx of epidemiology
-developed in the 1800's
-originally was the study of communicable dz
-in 1873 became the branch of medical sciences which treat
