and answers with verified Answers
(Latest Update 2026) UPDATE!!
The frequency and relative frequency presented as a percentage
should both be reported when describing interval level data
False
What type of graphic display would be the best for a variable
measured at the ordinal data?
Histogram
The operational definition of a variable
Specifies how a variable should be measured
The epidemiological range is
the minimum and maximum values
When reporting the mean for a variable, what measure of spread
should be reported?
The standard deviation
clinical data conducted can be shared to a cloud for all involved
researchers to share/view
false
The dependent variable
the outcome variable
Outliers can be identified using a (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)
a. Box-and-whisker plot with Tukey Fences.
,b. Histogram.
d. Stem-and-leaf plot.
e. Bar chart.
f. Any/all of the above
A. Box and whisker plot with Turkey fences
The most frequently occurring number in a set of numbers is the
a. Median
b. Mode.
c. Midrange
d. Frequency
e. 50th percentile
b. mode
The decision to use the mean or median is based upon (Select all that
apply)
A. Whether the data are normally distributed
b. Which statistical tests will be used for hypothesis testing
c. The presence or absence of outliers
d. The guidelines of the journal where the data will be published
A. Whether the data are normally distributed
B. The presence or absence of outliers
When a continuous variable has a normal distribution and only 1
small outlier, the mean and standard deviation should be used to
describe the variable
False
Match the following variables to the correct level of measurement (A.
Interval, B. Nominal, C. Ratio, D. Ordinal)
Temperature in Fahrenheit
Presence or Absence of disease
Weight in ounces
Race
Quality of life (1-5)
Hemoglobin A1C
Time in Minutes
Level of education
, Oxygen Saturation
Blood type
Temperature in Fahrenheit- A. Interval
Presence or Absence of disease- B. Nominal
Weight in ounces- C. Ration
Race- B. Nominal
Quality of life (1-5)- D. Ordinal
Hemoglobin A1C- C. Ratio
Time in Minutes- C. Ratio
Level of education- D. Ordinal
Oxygen Saturation- C. Ratio
Blood type- B. Nominal
A conceptual definition defines how a variable will be measured, and
includes the equipment and procedures that are used in the
measurement
False
Testing a new piece of equipment to ensure that the equipment
consistently provides that same measurement when the same
variable is measured multiple times is an example of
Accuracy
Validity
Reliability
All of the above
Reliability
Bar charts and histograms can both be used to describe interval level
data
False
All studies need appropriate permission to examine data
True
The mean is the number in the middle of the observations, when the
observations are arranged from smallest to largest.
False