NR 324 ADULT HEALTH 1 ACTUAL
EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||2026/2027
What age group has the highest percentage of
water content?
Answer: Preterm / Neonates
Rationale: Preterm infants and neonates have the
highest percentage of water content in their bodies,
around 75-80%.
Two fluid compartments in the body:
1. Intracellular space (ICF) – Located inside the
cells.
2. Extracellular space (ECF) – Located outside
the cells.
ICF makes up what percent of total body weight?
,Answer: 40%
Rationale: Intracellular fluid (ICF) constitutes about
40% of the body weight.
What are the two main compartments containing
ECF? What other compartments are there?
1. Interstitial fluid – Fluid in the spaces between
cells.
2. Intravascular fluid – Plasma (fluid within
blood vessels).
Other compartments include:
• Lymph fluid
• Transcellular fluids (Cerebrospinal fluid,
gastrointestinal fluid, joint spaces, pleural,
peritoneal, intraocular, and pericardial fluids).
Transcellular fluid includes:
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Fluid in the gastrointestinal tract
• Joint spaces
• Pleural, peritoneal, intraocular, and
pericardial fluids
,1L of water = _____ lb.
Answer: 2.2 lb (1 kg)
Rationale: 1 liter of water is equivalent to 2.2
pounds (or 1 kilogram).
The concentrations of electrolytes in body fluids
are expressed in:
Answer: Milliequivalents (mEq) per Liter
Rationale: Electrolyte concentration is commonly
expressed in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).
What are the main ions found in the ECF and
ICF?
• ECF cation: Sodium (Na+), with small amounts
of potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and
magnesium (Mg2+).
• ECF anion: Chloride (Cl-), with small amounts
of bicarbonate (HCO3-), sulfate (SO4²-), and
phosphate (PO4³-).
• ICF cation: Potassium (K+), with small
amounts of magnesium (Mg2+) and sodium
(Na+).
, • ICF anion: Phosphate (PO4³-), with some
protein and small amounts of bicarbonate
(HCO3-).
Hypovolemia (ECF Volume Deficit)
Definition: Abnormal loss of normal body fluids
(such as diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage),
inadequate intake, or plasma-to-interstitial fluid
shift.
Assessment:
• Restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion
• Thirst, dry mucous membranes
• Cold, clammy skin
• Decreased skin turgor, decreased capillary refill
• Postural hypotension, increased pulse, decreased
CVP
• Decreased urine output, concentrated urine
• Increased respiratory rate
• Weakness, dizziness
• Weight loss
• Seizures, coma
Causes:
EXAM WITH COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (100%
VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+| ||PROFESSOR
VERIFIED|| ||BRANDNEW!!!||2026/2027
What age group has the highest percentage of
water content?
Answer: Preterm / Neonates
Rationale: Preterm infants and neonates have the
highest percentage of water content in their bodies,
around 75-80%.
Two fluid compartments in the body:
1. Intracellular space (ICF) – Located inside the
cells.
2. Extracellular space (ECF) – Located outside
the cells.
ICF makes up what percent of total body weight?
,Answer: 40%
Rationale: Intracellular fluid (ICF) constitutes about
40% of the body weight.
What are the two main compartments containing
ECF? What other compartments are there?
1. Interstitial fluid – Fluid in the spaces between
cells.
2. Intravascular fluid – Plasma (fluid within
blood vessels).
Other compartments include:
• Lymph fluid
• Transcellular fluids (Cerebrospinal fluid,
gastrointestinal fluid, joint spaces, pleural,
peritoneal, intraocular, and pericardial fluids).
Transcellular fluid includes:
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Fluid in the gastrointestinal tract
• Joint spaces
• Pleural, peritoneal, intraocular, and
pericardial fluids
,1L of water = _____ lb.
Answer: 2.2 lb (1 kg)
Rationale: 1 liter of water is equivalent to 2.2
pounds (or 1 kilogram).
The concentrations of electrolytes in body fluids
are expressed in:
Answer: Milliequivalents (mEq) per Liter
Rationale: Electrolyte concentration is commonly
expressed in milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L).
What are the main ions found in the ECF and
ICF?
• ECF cation: Sodium (Na+), with small amounts
of potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and
magnesium (Mg2+).
• ECF anion: Chloride (Cl-), with small amounts
of bicarbonate (HCO3-), sulfate (SO4²-), and
phosphate (PO4³-).
• ICF cation: Potassium (K+), with small
amounts of magnesium (Mg2+) and sodium
(Na+).
, • ICF anion: Phosphate (PO4³-), with some
protein and small amounts of bicarbonate
(HCO3-).
Hypovolemia (ECF Volume Deficit)
Definition: Abnormal loss of normal body fluids
(such as diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage),
inadequate intake, or plasma-to-interstitial fluid
shift.
Assessment:
• Restlessness, drowsiness, lethargy, confusion
• Thirst, dry mucous membranes
• Cold, clammy skin
• Decreased skin turgor, decreased capillary refill
• Postural hypotension, increased pulse, decreased
CVP
• Decreased urine output, concentrated urine
• Increased respiratory rate
• Weakness, dizziness
• Weight loss
• Seizures, coma
Causes:
