Biology Final HCC questions and answer s 2026 update

Biology Final HCC questions and answer s
2026 update
Although all of the cells in your body contain a complete set of DNA, they
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


have different functions because
h, h, . - answer different genes are h, h, h, h, h, h , h, h,


switched on and off in each type of cell
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,




What binds to the operator of a bacterial gene? - answer a repressor
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h , h,




The DNA sequence that acts as a switch for turning the lac operon off or on is
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


the
h,


. - answer operator h, h, h ,




The lac operon of Escherichia coli, a bacterium, is composed of
h, h, .- h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


answer three genes and two control sequences, the promoter and the
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


operator
h,




How many active X chromosomes are there in each cell of a female
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


mammal? - answer one
h, h, h, h ,




Homeotic genes are best described as h, . - answer genes that h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


regulate groups of other genes that determine what body parts will develop
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


in which locations
h, h, h,




In bacteria, what name is given to a cluster of genes with related functions,
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


along with their DNA control sequences? - answer operon
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h ,




Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the
h, h, h, h, h, h, . - answer
h, h, h , promoter


Introns are h, h, . - answer noncoding DNA sequences
h, h, h , h, h,

,The "master control genes" that regulate other genes, which determine what
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


body parts will develop in which locations, are called
h, h, h, . - answer h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


h,homeotic genes h,




A normal gene that, if mutated, can lead to cancer is called a - answer
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


proto- oncogene
h, h,




A gene that causes a cell to become cancerous is called a(n) - answer
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


oncogene
h ,




is a gene that encodes proteins that inhibit cell division. Such proteins
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


normally help prevent cells from becoming cancerous - answer tumor-
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


suppressor gene h,




is a protein that promotes cell division. In excess, such a protein may lead to
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


cancer. - answer growth factor
h, h, h, h , h,




All your cells contain proto-oncogenes, which can change into cancer-causing
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


genes. Why do cells possess such potential time bombs? - answer Proto-
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


oncogenes are necessary for normal control of cell division.
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,




Tumor-suppressor genes are important in the prevention of cancer because they
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


. - answer produce gene products that prevent uncontrolled
h, h, h , h, h, h, h, h,


cell growth
h, h,




What name is given to a gene that causes cancer? - answer oncogene
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h ,

, In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, - answer be
h, h,


cut by the same restriction enzyme
h, h, h, h, h, h,




What enzyme forms covalent bonds between restriction fragments? - answer
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


DNA ligase
h, h,




the process by which a bacterium takes up a plasmid from the surrounding
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


solution - answer transformation
h, h, h, h ,




occurs with the replication of a recombinant plasmid. - answer cloning
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h ,




The unpaired nucleotides produced by the action of restriction enzymes
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


are referred to as . - answer sticky ends
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h , h,




which part of a dna nucleotide contains a negative charge? - answer
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


phosphate
h ,




what is the method used to create a large sample of dna for testing from a
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


small sample of dna - answer PCR
h, h, h, h, h, h, h ,




Human insulin is produced in large quantities by
h, . - answer
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


recombinant E. coli bacteria grown in large fermentation vats
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,




Transgenic animals are currently used h, h, h, h, h, . - answer to produce
h, h, h, h,


potentially useful proteins
h, h, h,




Which of these can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell? -
h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h, h,


answer plasmids
h, h,